tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63932088444999701502024-03-14T07:21:16.879-07:00Firrbudi aka LensahijauA Voyage of Discovery : A Journey of Life : CHERITA UNTOK AYAHDr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.comBlogger341125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-32635502919876031052020-10-07T19:18:00.007-07:002020-10-07T19:23:39.843-07:00THE HIGHEST PEAKS IN THE WORLD<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdQjJ0r1nyFGHodzoVZXAJK2LelKrplzt6YWKQdSv0y8KRdyOe2B_7h4WNjaCA8msj8_q6Fk4mZ8It2Xn4uzQRjcl__YqViC7ii_m6YhskyaezlmHEP-oKhqF66gTNkxDOB6jqs3ewhk/s1200/the-highest-mountain.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1200" height="445" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizdQjJ0r1nyFGHodzoVZXAJK2LelKrplzt6YWKQdSv0y8KRdyOe2B_7h4WNjaCA8msj8_q6Fk4mZ8It2Xn4uzQRjcl__YqViC7ii_m6YhskyaezlmHEP-oKhqF66gTNkxDOB6jqs3ewhk/w640-h445/the-highest-mountain.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;">Today I would like to talk about ‘the
highest peaks in the world’. When anyone mentions the word mountain, the
first thing that appears in our mind is height. As we all know that in this planet, there
are 7 continents and each of them has its own highest peak.</p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">First, we go to the highest mountain on
earth, the famous ‘Everest Mountain’. </span>This mountain has a height of 8,848 meters
and located in the Himalayas range, in between Nepal and China border. The mountain’s height was first
unofficially determined in 1856 and later was validated by an Indian survey in
1955 and backed up by a Chinese measurement in 1975. The name of ‘Everest’ was taken from the
name of a British Surveyor General of India, Sir George Everest.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">The highest mountain in South America
continent is ‘Aconcagua Mountain’ in Argentina. </span>To be more precise, this mountain is
situated on the Andes range with a height of 6,961 meters. Meanwhile, ‘Denali Mountain’ is the highest
peak in North America continent. This mountain is sitting on ‘Alaska Range’
in the USA. In August 2015, the US Dept. of the
Interior announced the change of the official name from ‘Mount McKinley’ to
Denali. The name of ‘Mount McKinley’ had been used
from 1917 to 2015.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">What is the highest mountain in Africa
continent? T</span>he highest mountain in Africa is
‘Mount Kilimanjaro’ located in Tanzania. The Kilimanjaro is an active volcanic
mountain which has 3 volcanic cones namely Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira. The height of this mountain is 5,895 meters
and the first ascent to the summit was done in 1889.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">In East Europe continent, to be exact in
Russia, ‘Mount Elbrus’ is the highest mountain which its peak is at 5,642
meters. </span>Meanwhile, in West Europe, Mont Blanc is
the highest peak which standing at 4,810 meters height.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">What is the highest mountain in the UK? T</span>he highest mountain in UK is Ben
Nevis, located in Scotland. This mountain has a height of 1,344 meters. One interesting fact that you may not know
is that there are 56 highest mountains in the UK and they all can be found in
Scotland alone.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">Do you think Mount Everest is the highest mountain? </span>In terms of distance to space from sea
level, surely yes, but what a about the distance from base to peak? Or the
distance from the centre of the earth?</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">Here is the answer, Mauna Kea in Hawaii, is
the tallest mountain from base to peak with a height of 10,210 meters.
Approximately, 2000 meters higher than Everest a</span>nd Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador, is the
tallest mountain from center of the earth. Because earth is not in perfect round
shape. This mountain sits on the equator line
which approximately 1.2 miles farther from the Everest.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="text-align: justify;">So, in terms of distance to space, Mount
Chimborazo is the highest and closest.</div><p></p>Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-10731937953608281522020-10-05T20:00:00.001-07:002020-10-05T20:01:01.198-07:00Natural Ventilation Potential in Kuala Lumpur: Assumptions, Realities and Future<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJX1KHi6nBdn1TEBlk_Rm5zK3YnqWz4rHctsHeBfiOu_dYBwspcOTabgTtzSKGAnncqIRF6f0fsJaRdilbMJuOKqwTzcGop8aHC6OuOkC6ZAd17Lf6UFw5Vn2J-W_O2RSSTTiJVbvpuGo/s1280/Problem+Diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJX1KHi6nBdn1TEBlk_Rm5zK3YnqWz4rHctsHeBfiOu_dYBwspcOTabgTtzSKGAnncqIRF6f0fsJaRdilbMJuOKqwTzcGop8aHC6OuOkC6ZAd17Lf6UFw5Vn2J-W_O2RSSTTiJVbvpuGo/w640-h360/Problem+Diagram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin<sup>1</sup>,
Cristina Gonzalez-Longo<sup>1</sup></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">1</span></sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Department of Architecture, University of
Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Abstract:
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Malaysia accounts for 11% of Southeast
Asia’s carbon emissions in recent years, is the third highest emissions
contributor in the region. It has <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">been estimated</span>
that 25% of these carbon emissions are generated from the buildings, especially
from the electrical and mechanical equipment that are present in residential buildings.
Malaysia’s capital, Kuala Lumpur, has 81.5% of the high-rise buildings in the
country and half of the buildings are residential. T<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">hey have supposedly <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">been designed</span>
as predominantly naturally <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">ventilated,</span> but
the occupants had to add inefficient mechanical ventilation to achieve the
required cooling. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">It</span> is due to the lack
of </span>acknowledgement<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> of </span>the
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">hot,</span> humid climate of Malaysia<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> by the current building regulations and the
fact that the requirements for energy use <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">are
not customised</span> for residential buildings</span>. Recent developments
concerning the use of green rating tools are helping to improve the sustainable
design of buildings. This paper reviews these existing regulations and green
rating tools and explores the full potential for natural ventilation in Kuala
Lumpur, <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">to</span> substantially reduce carbon
emissions while considering both the <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">health</span>
and <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">comfort of the occupants</span>. It
concludes<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
that the building regulations should <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">be revised</span>
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">to</span> deal with current and future climatic
conditions and to achieve the critical conditions that allow for natural
ventilation in Kuala Lumpur.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Keywords</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">: Natural ventilation, indoor
comfort, indoor air quality, building regulations, Kuala Lumpur<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Introduction <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The implications of climate change, including heat
stress and air pollution, contribute to a wide range of impacts on human’s health
and comfort in urban areas </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>IPCC</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>171</RecNum><DisplayText>(IPCC,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>171</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488884813">171</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>IPCC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Climate
Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
[Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)].
</title><secondary-title>Climate Change 2014: Synthesis
Report</secondary-title></titles><pages>151</pages><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Geneva,
Switzerland</pub-location><publisher>IPCC</publisher><isbn>9291691437</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(IPCC, 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. More than half of the carbon emissions in the world, that are
causing the climate change, will be produced by Asian cities in the next 20
years and it is estimated that 1.2
billion Asians will migrate to the cities over the next 35 years </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bank</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>173</RecNum><DisplayText>(ADB,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>173</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488888299">173</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web
Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Asian
Development Bank - ADB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Asia&apos;s
Booming Cities Most At Risk from Climate
Change</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>Asian
Development
Bank</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>https://www.adb.org/news/features/asias-booming-cities-most-risk-climate-change</url></related-urls></urls><custom1>2017</custom1><custom2>7
March</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ADB, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The carbon emission in the South-East
Asia (SEA) region has increased rapidly from 1990 to 2010 </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>ADB</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>173</RecNum><DisplayText>(ADB,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>173</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488888299">173</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Asian
Development Bank -
ADB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Asia&apos;s
Booming Cities Most At Risk from Climate
Change</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>Asian
Development Bank</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>https://www.adb.org/news/features/asias-booming-cities-most-risk-climate-change</url></related-urls></urls><custom1>2017</custom1><custom2>7
March</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ADB, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Five countries that are Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, have collectively contributed 90% of the
carbon emissions in the SEA region </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Raitzer</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>172</RecNum><DisplayText>(Raitzer
et al., 2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>172</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488886530">172</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Raitzer,
David A</author><author>Bosello,
Francesco</author><author>Tavoni,
Massimo</author><author>Orecchia,
Carlo</author><author>Marangoni,
Giacomo</author><author>Samson, Jindra Nuella
G</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Southeast
Asia and the Economics of Global Climate
Stabilization</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>Asian
Development
Bank</publisher><isbn>9292573055</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Raitzer et al.,
2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:
"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Malaysia accounts for the 11% of these emissions
in recent years, ranking as the third highest emission contributor in 2014 </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>ADB</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>173</RecNum><DisplayText>(ADB,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>173</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488888299">173</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web
Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Asian
Development Bank -
ADB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Asia&apos;s
Booming Cities Most At Risk from Climate
Change</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><publisher>Asian
Development
Bank</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>https://www.adb.org/news/features/asias-booming-cities-most-risk-climate-change</url></related-urls></urls><custom1>2017</custom1><custom2>7
March</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ADB, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. In order to
address this problem, the government of the country has recently signed the
Paris Agreement, committing to reduce 45% of carbon emissions by 2030 in
accordance to the 2005 baseline </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>UNFCCC</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>174</RecNum><DisplayText>(UNFCCC,
2017)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>174</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488890326">174</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web
Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNFCCC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>UN
Climate Change: Paris
Agreement</title></titles><dates><year>2017</year></dates><pub-location>Bonn,
Germany</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>http://newsroom.unfccc.int/paris-agreement/</url></related-urls></urls><custom1>2017</custom1><custom2>7
March</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(UNFCCC, 2017)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The building sector is one of the
largest carbon emissions contributors in the world </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>IPCC</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>171</RecNum><DisplayText>(IPCC,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>171</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1488884813">171</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>IPCC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Climate
Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to
the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
[Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)].
</title><secondary-title>Climate Change 2014: Synthesis
Report</secondary-title></titles><pages>151</pages><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Geneva,
Switzerland</pub-location><publisher>IPCC</publisher><isbn>9291691437</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(IPCC, 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. In the case of Malaysia, the carbon emissions
from this particular sector have been doubled from the 1970s, representing now
the 25% of the total country’s emissions </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lucon</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>231</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lucon
et al.,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>231</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1489065859">231</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Oswaldo
Lucon</author><author>Diana
Ürge-Vorsatz</author><author>Azni Zain
Ahmed</author><author>Hashem Akbari
</author><author>Paolo Bertoldi</author><author>Luisa
F. Cabeza</author><author>Nicholas
Eyre</author><author>Ashok Gadgil</author><author>L.D.
Danny Harvey</author><author>Yi
Jiang</author><author>Enoch
Liphoto</author><author>Sevastianos Mirasgedis</author><author>Shuzo
Murakami</author><author>Jyoti Parikh</author><author>Christopher
Pyke</author><author>Maria Virginia
Vilariño</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>[Edenhofer,
O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler,
I. Baum, S.</author><author>Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J.
Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx
(eds.)]</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Buildings.
In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate
Change</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Lucon et al., 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The residential buildings, construction of which
has been quintupled during the last four decades </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lucon</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>231</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lucon
et al., 2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>231</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1489065859">231</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Oswaldo
Lucon</author><author>Diana
Ürge-Vorsatz</author><author>Azni Zain
Ahmed</author><author>Hashem Akbari
</author><author>Paolo Bertoldi</author><author>Luisa
F. Cabeza</author><author>Nicholas Eyre</author><author>Ashok
Gadgil</author><author>L.D. Danny
Harvey</author><author>Yi Jiang</author><author>Enoch
Liphoto</author><author>Sevastianos
Mirasgedis</author><author>Shuzo
Murakami</author><author>Jyoti
Parikh</author><author>Christopher
Pyke</author><author>Maria Virginia
Vilariño</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>[Edenhofer,
O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler,
I. Baum, S.</author><author>Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J.
Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx
(eds.)]</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Buildings.
In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Lucon et al., 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, and in particular their mechanical and electrical
cooling equipment are the greatest contributors to the emissions. Thereafter, the appropriate ventilation design
in these residential buildings, in particular
high-risers, is a key element to find
solutions to reduce carbon emissions and to overcome the damaging effects of
climate change in the future. For example, the buildings in the urban areas
such as Malaysia’s capital, Kuala
Lumpur. There are many challenges concerning the provision of natural
ventilation in dense urban areas such as Kuala Lumpur, including the problems
associated with the urban heat, island effect and air pollution. The current
practices in building design have failed to achieve the required environmental
conditions for health and comfort and the occupants had to afterwards increase
the amount of mechanical ventilation to achieve cooling.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The current building regulations
in Malaysia (UBBL) were implemented in 1984 and these are based on the recommendations
provided by the United Kingdom’s Building Research Station (BRS), which is
currently known as Building Research Establishment (BRE); these recommendations were previously applied in Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, both British
colonies until 1957 </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Said</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>238</RecNum><DisplayText>(Said,
2011)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>238</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1491474567">238</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web
Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Badrul
Hisham Mohamad
Said</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>An
overview of the Uniform Building By-Laws, 1984 &amp; the Amendments 2007
[Part 3/5]</title></titles><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls><related-urls><url><style
face="underline" font="default"
size="100%">http://badrulhishamarchitect.blogspot.co.uk/2011/03/overview-of-uniform-building-by-laws_963.html</style></url></related-urls></urls><custom1>2017</custom1><custom2>7
March</custom2></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Said, 2011)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The UBBL 1984 does not take Malaysia’s hot humid climate
and the issues concerning carbon emissions in full account </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mohd
Sahabuddin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>130</RecNum><IDText>Traditional
values and their adaptation in social housing design: Towards a new typology
and establishment of ‘Air House’standard in
Malaysia</IDText><DisplayText>(Mohd Sahabuddin and Gonzalez-Longo,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>130</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1481551083">130</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mohd
Sahabuddin, Mohd Firrdhaus </author><author>Gonzalez-Longo,
Cristina </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Traditional
values and their adaptation in social housing design: Towards a new typology
and establishment of ‘Air House’standard in
Malaysia</title><secondary-title>International Journal of
Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International
Journal of Architectural Research:
ArchNet-IJAR</full-title></periodical><pages>31-44</pages><volume>9</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1938-7806</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Mohd Sahabuddin and
Gonzalez-Longo, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The regulations
establish that the minimum size of openings for natural ventilation purposes in
residential buildings should not be less than 10% of the total clear area of
the room </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>UBBL</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText>(UBBL,
2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480693957">125</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Legal Rule or
Regulation">50</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uniform
Building By-Laws - UBBL</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Local
Government Department</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Laws
of Malaysia (Act 133): Uniform Building By-Law 1984
(UBBL)</title></titles><edition>Sixteenth
Edition</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>MDC Publishers Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(UBBL, 2013)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, a
requirement which remained unchanged for 33 years. There have been recent
developments concerning the use of green rating tools in Malaysia, which are
helping to improve the sustainable design of buildings and the health of their
occupants. This paper reviews these existing regulations and green rating tools
and explores the full potential for natural ventilation in Kuala Lumpur, in
order to substantially reduce carbon emissions while ensuring a healthy and comfortable
internal environment for the occupants of high-rise residential buildings.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Identifying the critical issues
for natural ventilation in consolidated urban areas<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kuala
Lumpur accommodates 81.5% of the total number of high-rise buildings in Malaysia,
and half of these buildings are residential buildings </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>CTBUH</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>93</RecNum><DisplayText>(CTBUH,
2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>93</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="0">93</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Web
Page">12</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Council
on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat -
CTBUH</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The
Skyscraper Center: The Global Tall Building Database of the
CTBUH</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>1885
-
2016</date></pub-dates></dates><urls><related-urls><url>http://skyscrapercenter.com/compare-data</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(CTBUH, 2016)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Although
most of these buildings were initially designed
as naturally ventilated, the majority of their occupants have included inefficient
mechanical ventilation to achieve indoor cooling </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aflaki</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>78</RecNum><DisplayText>(Aflaki
et al.,
2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>78</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="0">78</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aflaki,
A.</author><author>Mahyuddin,
N.</author><author>Baharum, M.
R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The
influence of single-sided ventilation towards the indoor thermal performance of
high-rise residential building: A field
study</title><secondary-title>Energy and
Buildings</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Energy
and buildings</full-title></periodical><pages>146-158</pages><volume>126</volume><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0378-7788</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000381529300015</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>&lt;Go
to
ISI&gt;://WOS:000381529300015</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.05.017</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Aflaki et al., 2016)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Other
capital cities in the SEA region, such as Singapore and Bangkok, have also
experienced the same problem </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA <![if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Aldossary et al., 2016, Oswald and Riewe, 2013)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">..<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
three common factors associated with indoor discomfort and unhealthy
environment in high-rise residential buildings in SEA cities are high air
temperature, high air pollution and low air movement. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The high ambient air temperature resulted from urban
heat island effects, is the result of the combination of direct solar radiation,
diffused radiation from the sky dome and reflected radiation from both adjacent
buildings and hard surfaces in urban areas. It has increased heat penetrates into indoor spaces through convection, conduction and radiation
mechanisms </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chenvidyakarn</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>233</RecNum><DisplayText>(Chenvidyakarn,
2013, Nave,
2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>233</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1490788161">233</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chenvidyakarn,
Torwong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Buoyancy
effects on natural ventilation</title></titles><dates><year>2013</year></dates><publisher>Cambridge
University Press</publisher><isbn>1107015308</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Nave</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>140</RecNum><record><rec-number>140</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1484648047">140</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nave,
Carl
R</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>HyperPhysics</title><secondary-title>Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Retrieved
January</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University. Retrieved
January</full-title></periodical><volume>16, 2017</volume><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Chenvidyakarn, 2013, Nave, 2012)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The high levels of carbon
emissions are directly linked to increments in temperature </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lucon</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>231</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lucon
et al.,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>231</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1489065859">231</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Oswaldo
Lucon</author><author>Diana
Ürge-Vorsatz</author><author>Azni Zain
Ahmed</author><author>Hashem Akbari
</author><author>Paolo Bertoldi</author><author>Luisa
F. Cabeza</author><author>Nicholas
Eyre</author><author>Ashok Gadgil</author><author>L.D.
Danny Harvey</author><author>Yi
Jiang</author><author>Enoch
Liphoto</author><author>Sevastianos
Mirasgedis</author><author>Shuzo
Murakami</author><author>Jyoti Parikh</author><author>Christopher
Pyke</author><author>Maria Virginia
Vilariño</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>[Edenhofer,
O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler,
I. Baum, S.</author><author>Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J.
Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Buildings.
In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Lucon et al., 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. The scientific report of Climate Change Scenarios
for Malaysia 2001-2099 produced by the Malaysian Meteorological Department
(MMD) in 2009, has </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">projected a </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">temperature increment of 1.1<sup>o</sup>C
to 3.6<sup>o</sup>C by 2095 in Peninsular Malaysia. It has also been recorded that the average dry-bulb
temperature in Kuala Lumpur in 2015, was 27<sup>o</sup>C and that by 2050 this figure is expected to
increase by 1.2<sup>o</sup>C </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>ESRI</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>123</RecNum><IDText>ArcGIS</IDText><DisplayText>(ESRI,
2015, MMD, 2010 - 2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>123</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480606189">123</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Online Database">45</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ESRI</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ArcGIS</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year><pub-dates><date>01/12/2016</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Redlands,
California</pub-location><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisonline</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>MMD</Author><Year>2010
- 2016</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><IDText>Mean Surface
Wind Speed for Petaling Jaya, Subang and Sepang Stations</IDText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="0">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Online
Database">45</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Malaysian
Meteorology Department -
MMD</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Mean
Surface Wind Speed for Petaling Jaya, Subang and Sepang
Stations</title></titles><pages>3</pages><dates><year>2010
- 2016</year><pub-dates><date>5 September
2016</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Petaling
Jaya</pub-location><isbn>208-13324</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ESRI, 2015, MMD, 2010 - 2016)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As in
many other cities, air pollution causes unhealthy
environment in Kuala Lumpur’s urban areas, as it contains airborne particulate
matter and toxic gases from fuel vehicles, </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Leh</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText>(Leh
et al.,
2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1481821495">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Leh,
Oliver Ling Hoon</author><author>Ahmad,
Shaharuddin</author><author>Aiyub, Kadaruddin</author><author>Jani,
Yaakob Mohd</author><author>Hwa, Ting Kien</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Urban
air environmental health indicators for Kuala Lumpur
city</title><secondary-title>Sains
Malaysiana</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Sains
Malaysiana</full-title></periodical><pages>179-191</pages><volume>41</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>0126-6039</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Leh et al., 2012)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Moreover,
during the dry months of February to March and June to August in the past few
decades, haze has become a regular event </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">in Kuala Lumpur </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Payus</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>136</RecNum><DisplayText>(Payus
et al., 2013, Elsayed, 2012)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>136</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1482148638">136</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Payus,
Carolyn</author><author>Abdullah,
Noraini</author><author>Sulaiman, Norela</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Airborne
particulate matter and meteorological interactions during the haze period in
Malaysia</title><secondary-title>International Journal of
Environmental Science and Development</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International
Journal of Environmental Science and
Development</full-title></periodical><pages>398</pages><volume>4</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>2010-0264</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Elsayed</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>133</RecNum><record><rec-number>133</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z" timestamp="1482142735">133</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Elsayed,
Ilham
SM</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Mitigation
of the urban heat island of the city of Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia</title><secondary-title>Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Middle-East
Journal of Scientific
Research</full-title></periodical><pages>1602-1613</pages><volume>11</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>1990-9233</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Payus et al., 2013, Elsayed, 2012)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Both temperature and pollution issues are worsened
by the insufficient wind movement in Kuala Lumpur, potentially reducing the
possibilities of natural ventilation </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA <![if gte mso 9]><xml>
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style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Payus et al., 2013, Tahir et al., 2010)<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:data>3C456E644E6F74653E3C436974653E3C417574686F723E50617975733C2F417574686F723E3C596561723E323031333C2F596561723E3C5265634E756D3E3133363C2F5265634E756D3E3C446973706C6179546578743E28506179757320657420616C2E2C20323031332C20546168697220657420616C2E2C2032303130293C2F446973706C6179546578743E3C7265636F72643E3C7265632D6E756D6265723E3133363C2F7265632D6E756D6265723E3C666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C6B6579206170703D22454E222064622D69643D2274663030356672323864777273736535777A65787232323074653564357364617866357A222074696D657374616D703D2231343832313438363338223E3133363C2F6B65793E3C2F666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C7265662D74797065206E616D653D224A6F75726E616C2041727469636C65223E31373C2F7265662D747970653E3C636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574686F72733E3C617574686F723E50617975732C204361726F6C796E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E416264756C6C61682C204E6F7261696E693C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E53756C61696D616E2C204E6F72656C613C2F617574686F723E3C2F617574686F72733E3C2F636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C7469746C65733E3C7469746C653E416972626F726E6520706172746963756C617465206D617474657220616E64206D6574656F726F6C6F676963616C20696E746572616374696F6E7320647572696E67207468652068617A6520706572696F6420696E204D616C61797369613C2F7469746C653E3C7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E496E7465726E6174696F6E616C204A6F75726E616C206F6620456E7669726F6E6D656E74616C20536369656E636520616E6420446576656C6F706D656E743C2F7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E3C2F7469746C65733E3C706572696F646963616C3E3C66756C6C2D7469746C653E496E7465726E6174696F6E616C204A6F75726E616C206F6620456E7669726F6E6D656E74616C20536369656E636520616E6420446576656C6F706D656E743C2F66756C6C2D7469746C653E3C2F706572696F646963616C3E3C70616765733E3339383C2F70616765733E3C766F6C756D653E343C2F766F6C756D653E3C6E756D6265723E343C2F6E756D6265723E3C64617465733E3C796561723E323031333C2F796561723E3C2F64617465733E3C6973626E3E323031302D303236343C2F6973626E3E3C75726C733E3C2F75726C733E3C2F7265636F72643E3C2F436974653E3C436974653E3C417574686F723E54616869723C2F417574686F723E3C596561723E323031303C2F596561723E3C5265634E756D3E39393C2F5265634E756D3E3C7265636F72643E3C7265632D6E756D6265723E39393C2F7265632D6E756D6265723E3C666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C6B6579206170703D22454E222064622D69643D2274663030356672323864777273736535777A65787232323074653564357364617866357A222074696D657374616D703D2230223E39393C2F6B65793E3C2F666F726569676E2D6B6579733E3C7265662D74797065206E616D653D22426F6F6B223E363C2F7265662D747970653E3C636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C617574686F72733E3C617574686F723E54616869722C204D2E204D2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E5A61696E2C204D2E20462E204D2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E536F7069616E2C204B2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E55736D616E2C20492E204D2E20532E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E53757261742C204D2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E416264756C6C61682C204E2E20412E20472E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E546177696C2C204E2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4E6F722C204D66696D3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4368652D416E692C20412E20492E3C2F617574686F723E3C2F617574686F72733E3C7365636F6E646172792D617574686F72733E3C617574686F723E526F73656E2C204D2E20412E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E50657272796D616E2C20522E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E446F6464732C20532E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4D757A692C20462E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E59756A692C20572E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E506F6C6B6F77736B612C205A2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E4A656C656E736B612C204D2E3C2F617574686F723E3C617574686F723E536F62696B2C204D2E3C2F617574686F723E3C2F7365636F6E646172792D617574686F72733E3C2F636F6E7472696275746F72733E3C7469746C65733E3C7469746C653E54686520446576656C6F706D656E74206F662041205375737461696E61626C7920526573706F6E7369766520556C747261204C6F7720456E65726779205465727261636520486F7573696E6720466F72205468652054726F7069637320496E636F72706F726174696E67205468652052616973656420466C6F6F7220496E6E6F766174696F6E3C2F7469746C653E3C7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E526563656E7420416476616E63657320696E20456E6572677920616E6420456E7669726F6E6D656E743C2F7365636F6E646172792D7469746C653E3C2F7469746C65733E3C70616765733E33362D34353C2F70616765733E3C64617465733E3C796561723E323031303C2F796561723E3C2F64617465733E3C6973626E3E3937382D3936302D3437342D3135392D353C2F6973626E3E3C616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E574F533A3030303237363738373530303030333C2F616363657373696F6E2D6E756D3E3C75726C733E3C72656C617465642D75726C733E3C75726C3E266C743B476F20746F204953492667743B3A2F2F574F533A3030303237363738373530303030333C2F75726C3E3C2F72656C617465642D75726C733E3C2F75726C733E3C2F7265636F72643E3C2F436974653E3C2F456E644E6F74653E00</w:data>
</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.
The city’s average monthly wind speed was 1.1 m/s in 2015 (MMD, 2010 - 2016); this
low figure together with the high air temperature and the presence of airborne
particulate matter mentioned before produce a series of challenges in order to implement
natural ventilation strategies in buildings within the city. These factors have
been so far considered in isolation and it is necessary to analyse them in an
integrated way to inform the design which allows achieving a</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> healthier and more comfortable indoor environment
in high-rise residential buildings in an urban area in hot-humid climate such
as Kuala Lumpur while reducing carbon emissions.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Current Building Regulations,
Standards and Green Ratings<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The mandatory
building regulations in Malaysia are called the ‘Uniform Building By-Laws’
(UBBL) 1984 and are contained within the ‘Street, Drainage and Building Act’ (SDBA)
1974. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The requirements for natural
ventilation in residential buildings are established in the 3<sup>rd</sup> part
of the regulations: ‘Space, Light and Ventilation’ under clauses 39(1), 39(4),
40(1) and 40(2). However, they are only concerned about the proportion</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> of </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">windows and size of light-wells </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and there
are not more specific regulations on achieving healthy indoor air quality. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Clause 39(1) states that ‘<i>every room designed, adapted or used for residential purposes, shall be
provided with natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a
total area of not less than 10% of the clear floor area of such room </i></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and
shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of
not less than 5% of such floor area</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>UBBL</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText>(UBBL,
2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480693957">125</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Legal Rule or
Regulation">50</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uniform
Building By-Laws -
UBBL</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Local
Government
Department</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Laws
of Malaysia (Act 133): Uniform Building By-Law 1984
(UBBL)</title></titles><edition>Sixteenth Edition</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>MDC Publishers Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(UBBL, 2013)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Clause
39(4) determines that ‘</span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">every water-closet, latrine, urinal and bathroom should be provided with
natural ventilation</span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> by
means of one or more openings having a total area of not less than 0.2 sqm</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">’ from
the room’s total area </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>UBBL</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText>(UBBL,
2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480693957">125</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Legal Rule or Regulation">50</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uniform
Building By-Laws -
UBBL</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Local
Government
Department</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Laws
of Malaysia (Act 133): Uniform Building By-Law 1984 (UBBL)</title></titles><edition>Sixteenth
Edition</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>MDC Publishers Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(UBBL, 2013)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">For buildings that are more than 8 storied high, clause
40(1), establishes that the minimum size of light-wells should be not less than
15.0 sqm, being the minimum width 2.5 meters and clause 40(2) requires the
minimum size of each light-well for lavatories, water closets and bathrooms shall
be 5.5 sqm and 2.0 meters minimum width </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>UBBL</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText>(UBBL,
2013)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480693957">125</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Legal Rule or
Regulation">50</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Uniform
Building By-Laws - UBBL</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Local
Government Department</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Laws
of Malaysia (Act 133): Uniform Building By-Law 1984
(UBBL)</title></titles><edition>Sixteenth
Edition</edition><dates><year>2013</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>MDC Publishers Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(UBBL, 2013)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. These could not provide an acceptable
ventilation by natural means in high-rise buildings where stagnant air movement
might happen at certain levels due to short circuits </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Prajongsan</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>139</RecNum><IDText>Natural
ventilation strategies to enhance human comfort in high-rise residential
buildings in Thailand</IDText><DisplayText>(Prajongsan,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>139</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1484063435">139</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Prajongsan,
Pimolsiri</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Natural
ventilation strategies to enhance human comfort in high-rise residential
buildings in
Thailand</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><publisher>University
of
Liverpool</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Prajongsan, 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Concerning
energy use, UBBL 1984 only refers to the Malaysian Standard 1525:2014 - ‘Energy
Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy for Non-Residential Buildings’, which proposes
several passive design strategies for natural ventilation such as cross
ventilation and stack ventilation. However, the standard only suggests using CO<sub>2</sub> sensors to control indoor air
pollution. For indoor comfort cooling in air-conditioned spaces, this standard recommends
the maximum air movement of 0.7 m/s and air
temperature of 24<sup>0</sup>C to 26<sup>0</sup>C. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Malaysia, like</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> many other countries, has recently developed several green rating tools. Three most popular green rating tools used by both private
and public sectors, are the Green Building Index (GBI), the Green Real Estate
(GreenRE) and </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Malaysian Carbon Reduction & Environmental Sustainability
Tool</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"> (MyCREST). However, only GBI and GreenRE have been used for
residential buildings so far (MGBC, 2014, REHDA, 2015).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
first green rating tool used in Malaysia was the GBI, initiated in 2009 by a
private organisation, the Malaysian Green Building Corporation </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>MGBC</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText>(MGBC,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694347">126</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Malaysia
Green Building Confederation - MGBC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Design
Reference Guide – Residential New Construction
(Rnc)</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>GreenBuildingIndex Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.greenbuildingindex.org/</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(MGBC, 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Until
October 2015, approximately 327 buildings have been rated by GBI and 41% of them are residential </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>MGBC</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText>(MGBC,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694347">126</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Malaysia
Green Building Confederation -
MGBC</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Design
Reference Guide – Residential New Construction
(Rnc)</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>GreenBuildingIndex Sdn
Bhd</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.greenbuildingindex.org/</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(MGBC, 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Although
the tool refers to UBBL 1984 for minimum
percentage of openings, in its latest version for ‘Residential New
Construction’ (RNC, 2014), some natural
ventilation strategies have been proposed.
These include the provision of light-wells to promote the stack effect (as we
have seen already considered by UBBL), open plan layouts to promote cross
ventilation, shading devices or overhangs to protect windows from sun radiation
and naturally ventilated public spaces. This rating tool also encourages the
use of low Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) materials and finishes to reduce
the indoor air pollutants, but there is
no minimum air movement and indoor air temperature recommendation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Another
private organisation, the Real Estate Housing Development Association, created GreenRE
in 2013 </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>REHDA</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>128</RecNum><DisplayText>(REHDA,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>128</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694943">128</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>
REHDA
</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Design
Reference Guide – Residential Building &amp; Landed Home</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><pub-location>Petaling
Jaya</pub-location><publisher>GreenRE</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.greenre.org/</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(REHDA, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. This
tool proposes several strategies to enhance natural ventilation in residential buildings.
In addition to the strategies previously proposed by GBI such as the use of
open plan layouts to promote cross ventilation and the provision of public
spaces naturally ventilated, GreenRE encourages a more appropriate orientation
of buildings, so that they face prevailing winds. The latest version of the
tool, ‘Design Reference Guide for Residential Building
and Landed Home’ (2015), recommends a provision of no less than 0.6 m/s average
air movement in indoor spaces </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>REHDA</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>128</RecNum><DisplayText>(REHDA,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>128</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694943">128</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>
REHDA
</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Design
Reference Guide – Residential Building &amp; Landed
Home</title></titles><dates><year>2015</year></dates><pub-location>Petaling
Jaya</pub-location><publisher>GreenRE</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.greenre.org/</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(REHDA, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> and avoiding
VOC materials to achieve good indoor air quality. As in the case of GBI there are no recommendations for the
minimum percentage of openings or indoor air temperature set.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">MyCREST
was created by a collaborative effort of several
government agencies such as the Ministry of Works, Public Works Department of
Malaysia (PWD) and the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) in
2013 </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>CIDB</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>127</RecNum><DisplayText>(CIDB,
2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>127</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694632">127</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>CIDB
</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MyCREST:
A Reference Guide for Design Stage
Certification</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>Construction Industry Development
Board Malaysia (CIDB)</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv5/index.php/en/sustainable-construction</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(CIDB, 2016)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. This
document is at the moment available only for non-residential buildings. In order to maintain good quality in the indoor
air, this tool requires that all naturally ventilated spaces should be ‘<i>permanently open to and within 7.6 meters of operable wall or roof openings and
that operable area is at least 4% of the net occupiable area’ </i></span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>CIDB</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>127</RecNum><DisplayText>(CIDB,
2016)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>127</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1480694632">127</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Standard">58</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>CIDB
</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MyCREST:
A Reference Guide for Design Stage
Certification</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><pub-location>Kuala
Lumpur</pub-location><publisher>Construction Industry Development
Board Malaysia
(CIDB)</publisher><urls><related-urls><url>http://www.cidb.gov.my/cidbv5/index.php/en/sustainable-construction</url></related-urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(CIDB, 2016)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This figure is much lower than the 10% required by
Clause 39 in UBBL 1984 and researchers have considered
that the minimum opening percentage in high-rise residential buildings should
be not considered equally and </span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">should
have a variety of sizes depending on the location and height</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mohd
Sahabuddin</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>130</RecNum><DisplayText>(Mohd
Sahabuddin and Gonzalez-Longo,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>130</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1481551083">130</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mohd
Sahabuddin, Mohd Firrdhaus </author><author>Gonzalez-Longo,
Cristina </author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Traditional
values and their adaptation in social housing design: Towards a new typology
and establishment of ‘Air House’standard in
Malaysia</title><secondary-title>International Journal of
Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>International
Journal of Architectural Research:
ArchNet-IJAR</full-title></periodical><pages>31-44</pages><volume>9</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1938-7806</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Mohd Sahabuddin and
Gonzalez-Longo, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. MyCREST</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> proposes that the minimum average of air movement
for naturally ventilated spaces should be no less than 0.6 m/s. Similar to the
other two green rating tools, MyCREST considers that the sources of air pollution
are mainly from materials that contain VOC.</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> Table </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-bidi-font-style:
italic'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-bidi-font-style:
italic;mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">: Comparison of natural ventilation strategies in the laws, standards,
and green rating tools in Malaysia<o:p></o:p></span></p><div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="PlainTable110" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 604px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">PARAMETERS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Established) <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(Latest Version)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">UBBL<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(1984) (2013)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MS:1525<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2001) (2014)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">GBI<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2009) (2014)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">GreenRE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2013) (2015)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MyCREST<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: center 23.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(2016) (2016)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">X<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">T<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">R<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">N<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">L<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest minimum percentage (%) of openings of the clear floor area<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">10%<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">4%<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest minimum percentage (%) of uninterrupted openings<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">5%<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest recesses, shading devices, or overhangs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest louvres and wing walls <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Use vented skylights<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8" style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">I<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">N<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">T<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">R<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">N<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">L<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest to promote ventilation through adjoining rooms<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest internal air speed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">*0.7 m/s<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">>0.6 m/s<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">0.6 m/s<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Use cross Ventilation <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Implement open plan arrangement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest roof space be ventilated <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest to use mechanical equipment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Provide light-well or wind chimney to promote stack effect<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">15m<sup>2 </sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">(> 8 stories)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest internal air temperature<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">*24-26<sup>o</sup>C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">T<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 4; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">C<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest all public spaces should be naturally ventilated<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Provide wind direction table<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest buildings should face prevailing winds<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 21.05pt;" valign="top" width="28">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">*<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">For residential buildings<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">√<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: #F2F2F2; border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 151.25pt;" valign="top" width="202">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Suggest passive method to reduce
airborne particulate matter from incoming air intake<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 61.35pt;" valign="top" width="82">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;" valign="top" width="76">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.8pt;" valign="top" width="73">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 191; mso-border-left-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 58.6pt;" valign="top" width="78">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" style="background: #F2F2F2; border-top: none; border: solid #BFBFBF 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 242; mso-border-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-themeshade: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #BFBFBF .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 191; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 453.35pt;" valign="top" width="604">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">*For air-conditioned spaces<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This
entire situation in the current scenario is concerned about the regulations and
green rating tools, needs some clarification concerning the parameters they
consider. Table 1 shows the comparison
of natural ventilation strategies in the regulations, standards and the green
rating tools used in Malaysia, as discussed above. Although there are
significant improvements, in particular,
the development of the recent MyCREST tool, Malaysia needs to address the need for a revision of its building
regulations so that residential buildings are designed to minimise their carbon
emissions and to improve the health and
comfort of the occupants.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Learning from the Vernacular Architecture<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the residential buildings at tropical regions cooling is more important than
heating. According to the chapter of ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Buildings: Mitigation of
Climate Change’ in the</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 5<sup>th</sup> Climate Change Assessment Report produced
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2014, residential
buildings in tropical regions could lower
the carbon emissions by introducing a design that could maintain indoor comfort
temperatures without using any mechanical equipment. The clear precedent is vernacular houses, which design have
succeeded in achieving cooling and comfort </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lucon</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>231</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lucon
et al.,
2014)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>231</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1489065859">231</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Oswaldo
Lucon</author><author>Diana
Ürge-Vorsatz</author><author>Azni Zain
Ahmed</author><author>Hashem Akbari </author><author>Paolo
Bertoldi</author><author>Luisa F. Cabeza</author><author>Nicholas
Eyre</author><author>Ashok Gadgil</author><author>L.D.
Danny Harvey</author><author>Yi
Jiang</author><author>Enoch
Liphoto</author><author>Sevastianos Mirasgedis</author><author>Shuzo
Murakami</author><author>Jyoti
Parikh</author><author>Christopher
Pyke</author><author>Maria Virginia
Vilariño</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>[Edenhofer,
O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler,
I. Baum, S.</author><author>Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J.
Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx
(eds.)]</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Buildings.
In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working
Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate
Change</title></titles><dates><year>2014</year></dates><pub-location>Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,
USA</pub-location><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Lucon et al., 2014)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.
Although, obviously, they were not built
in a dense urban context such as Kuala Lumpur.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the case of traditional houses in Malaysia, it took
hundreds of years to refine a well-adapted design to the local climate. The key factors for achieving
healthy indoor comfort<i> </i>in Malaysia’s rural areas are the integration of
building form, the use of lightweight materials and green surroundings are.
Large overhangs, for example, prevent direct solar radiation and rain from
entering the houses and timber-gap-floor on stilts promote fresh air intake
from beneath the floor. High pitched roofs with ventilation at the top exhaust
warm air by the stack effect. Lightweight materials immediately release solar
heat </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lim</Author><Year>1987</Year><RecNum>129</RecNum><DisplayText>(Lim,
1987)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>129</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="1481019192">129</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Book">6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lim,
Jee
Yuan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>The
Malay house: rediscovering Malaysia&apos;s indigenous shelter system/Lim Jee
Yuan</title></titles><dates><year>1987</year></dates><publisher>Institut
Masyarakat</publisher><isbn>9679966054</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Lim, 1987)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">,
and large openings on the facades, which effectively balance the external and
internal air temperatures </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kubota</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>110</RecNum><DisplayText>(Kubota
and Toe,
2015)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>110</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="tf005fr28dwrsse5wzexr220te5d5sdaxf5z"
timestamp="0">110</key></foreign-keys><ref-type
name="Journal
Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kubota,
Tetsu</author><author>Toe, Doris Hooi
Chyee</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Application
of Passive Cooling Techniques in Vernacular Houses to Modern Urban Houses: A
Case Study of Malaysia</title><secondary-title>Procedia-Social and
Behavioral
Sciences</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Procedia-Social
and Behavioral Sciences</full-title></periodical><pages>29-39</pages><volume>179</volume><dates><year>2015</year></dates><isbn>1877-0428</isbn><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote><span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(Kubota and Toe, 2015)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.
An integrated natural ventilation strategy informed by these vernacular
precedents has a great potential to reduce carbon emissions directly and at the
same time ensuring the health and increased comfort of the occupants.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">A study on the possible adaptation
of these vernacular strategies to a modern social housing building has proved
that an appropriate envelope and layout configuration could achieve the
acceptable operative temperature of </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #191c1e; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">25.2<sup>0</sup>C
to 27.2<sup>0</sup>C</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">, increase the indoor air movement
up to 80% and reduce 67% of the carbon emission as well as energy consumption
(Mohd Sahabuddin and Gonzalez-Longo, 2015).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
This study, which has introduced the concept of
an ‘Airhouse’ standard for hot humid climates, established that the percentage of
openings in the building façade should be between 15% to 45% depending on the
height of the residential units, increasing or decreasing the area depending non
the height of the residential unit. A full-height opening configuration was
proposed with three elements and these are -
main windows, fixed louvres and adjustable louvres. Fixed louvres are
introduced at the upper level of the internal walls to allow air to circulate throughout
the units at every time. The proposed standard has
also suggested that the depth of rooms should be decreased to enhance cross ventilation and the overhangs should be
provided to protect all windows from solar radiation at any angles. Further
studies are being carried out to refine and validate the standard.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Conclusion and
recommendations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">Although current building regulations,
standards and green rating tools have proposed many natural ventilation strategies in Malaysia,
they have not been able to acknowledge the current and future climatic
conditions of Kuala Lumpur. At the same time, they are not able to address the
required improvements in occupant’s health and comfort as well as the reduction
of the carbon emissions.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The UBBL,
especially the clauses 39(1) and 40(1) that regulate sizes of openings and light
well requirements, were informed by British building standards and have not been
reviewed and further researched in accordance with
local climate conditions. These clauses, which have been used for 33 years without revision, should be revised and
improved in order to reduce carbon
emissions while ensuring occupant’s health and comfort. Likewise, the standards
(MS1525:2014) and green rating tools (GBI, GreenRE and MyCREST) have failed to
devise strategies that could reduce airborne particulate matter and toxic gases
as well as to prevent convective, conductive and radiative heat from entering
and permeating high-rise residential units in Kuala Lumpur.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As per the clause 39(1), the
minimum size of openings for ventilation purposes in a residential building in Malaysia should not less than 10% of the
total clear area of the room. However, this figure seems to be insufficient to
ventilate naturally ventilated indoor spaces in hot-humid climate </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE <span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA <![if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Mohd Sahabuddin and Gonzalez-Longo, 2015)</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">. Clause 40(1) of UBBL sets the requirement for
a light-well of 15.0 sqm in buildings higher than 8 stories, which could not
provide an acceptable ventilation by natural means in high-rise buildings. Further
studies should be carried out to test the appropriateness of these requirements
to achieve suitable ventilation while
ensuring the health of the building
occupants and increase comfort levels in
indoor spaces. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Building regulations in Malaysia, which are
concerned about the natural ventilation, should be
revised in order to reduce energy
consumption and carbon emissions as well as to deal with the challenges of </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">heat stress and air pollution which affect the
comfort and health of the building’s occupants.
This revision should take into consideration the critical conditions, which allow for
natural ventilation to enhance air movement, reduce the airborne particulate
matter and maintain the acceptable operative temperature.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">By improving the regulations and maximising the potential
of natural ventilation, high-rise residential buildings in Kuala Lumpur would become
healthy and comfortable places to live in and great contributors to the
mitigation of climate change.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Acknowledgment<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
authors would like to thank Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC) for
funding the study in which Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin
is a Commonwealth Scholar, funded by the UK government.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">References<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>ADDIN EN.REFLIST <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">ADB, A. D. B.-. 2015. <i>Asia's
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USA. 1694-1701.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Chenvidyakarn, T. 2013. <i>Buoyancy effects on natural ventilation</i>,
Cambridge University Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">CIDB 2016. MyCREST: A Reference Guide for
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--></p><p class="EndNoteBibliography" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;">UNFCCC, U. N. F. C. O. C. C. 2017. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">UN Climate Change: Paris Agreement </i>[Online].
Bonn, Germany. Available: </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://newsroom.unfccc.int/paris-agreement/"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">http://newsroom.unfccc.int/paris-agreement/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> [Accessed].<o:p></o:p></span></p>Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-35514994806412451282017-05-21T16:17:00.001-07:002017-05-21T16:17:26.311-07:00Our First 3 Months in Glasgow (Sept - Dec 2016)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-9487558638753594342017-05-21T16:07:00.000-07:002017-05-21T16:07:00.774-07:00Edinburgh, Dean's Village & Falkirk, Scotland (2017)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-14770856106355795722017-05-21T16:01:00.002-07:002017-05-21T16:01:36.817-07:00Ben Arthur & Ben Lomond, Arrochar, Scotland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-9000715043259629032017-05-21T15:57:00.002-07:002017-05-21T15:57:42.691-07:00Ride for Aleppo : Mugdock - Crow Road - Tak Ma Doon @ Scotland<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-35128499185397713392017-05-21T15:54:00.001-07:002017-05-21T15:54:29.228-07:00Dumbarton Castle on St. Andrews Day<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-36768635026224503692017-05-21T15:50:00.000-07:002017-05-21T15:50:14.084-07:00Welcoming Event for Commonwealth Scholars 2016<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
Venue: University of Nottingham<br />
<br />
8 of us representing Malaysia...Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-46678041136623808652016-08-14T21:13:00.003-07:002016-08-14T21:32:01.037-07:00Tips for Commonwealth Scholarship<div id="archivebox" style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">The CSC does not provide individual feedback on
why an application is unsuccessful. However, there are generic reasons why many
of the applications received do not pass through to the next stage. This page
provides a short overview of the most important of these reasons.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Generic reasons</span></u></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">There are two fundamental reasons why
applications for Commonwealth Scholarships or Fellowships tend to be
unsuccessful:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Excellence.</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> All of the CSC scholarship and fellowship schemes
are highly competitive. For the standard PhD and Master’s Scholarships, for
example, on average only some 1.5% of the original applications submitted
to the nominating agencies are successful. This means that many very able
applicants will be disappointed. Only people who are outstanding across
the board are likely to be successful.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; padding: 0in;">Failure to follow instructions.</span></b><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The selection committee assesses applications
using three key criteria (academic merit, impact of the work on
development, and study/research plan), and considers all of the
information provided on the application form. Given the competitiveness of
the schemes, failure to follow the application instructions will seriously
disadvantage a candidate.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">It is therefore <b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">essential</span></b> that
applicants <b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">read all of the instructions carefully</span></b> prior
to completing their applications, and then <b><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">complete all of the questions fully</span></b>.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">The CSC aims to make decisions on who receives a
scholarship or fellowship purely on the basis of the information provided in
applications. There are no quotas for people from different countries,
ethnicities, or genders.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">The following are some of the more common reasons
why applicants may score poorly against each of the criteria:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Academic merit</span></u></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Successful applicants are those with the highest
academic grades. Many have a first-class honours undergraduate degree and
a Distinction for their Master’s degree. Applicants with upper
second-class undergraduate degrees or a Pass at Master’s level do indeed
receive Commonwealth Scholarships and Fellowships, but all candidates must
recognise that they are highly competitive in terms of academic quality.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If there are reasons why a candidate has not scored
particularly well in part of their academic career, it is important that
these are explained in the space available for further information.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For Scholarships for PhD study or Academic Fellowships,
many applicants have a good list of publications and conference papers,
sometimes in internationally-respected academic journals. It is important
therefore for candidates to ensure that they reference these appropriately
if they have them.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It is important for candidates to identify referees who
will provide references that are detailed enough and contain sufficient information
to be evaluated. A mere five-line reference is unlikely to provide the
level of support necessary.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Absence of full details about the marks/grades gained
for particular degrees, in the form of an official transcript, makes it
difficult for the selection committee to properly consider an application.
Candidates are strongly encouraged to ensure that full supporting
documentation is provided at the time of application.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Impact of the proposed work on development</span></u></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">(for applicants from developing Commonwealth
countries)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The selection committee places great emphasis on the
case made by an applicant for how their proposed work will have an impact
on development when they return home. A mere 50-100 words written in this
section is unlikely to be as convincing as a well-crafted argument that
uses the full 500 words available.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some candidates focus on how a Commonwealth Scholarship
or Fellowship would help them become rich and successful, rather than on
how their work can specifically contribute to development. Such candidates
are unlikely to be successful.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">There are many ways in which ‘development’ can be
defined, and the CSC does not seek to impose specific definitions on
candidates. However, it is important that candidates demonstrate how their
specific project contributes to the development objectives that are
relevant for their country and region. It is not sufficient to state that
the subject of study is by its nature developmental; candidates must make
the case clearly that what they will go on to do after studying will have
an impact on development.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Study/research plan</span></u></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Candidates who write impenetrably or vaguely about what
they intend to do will score poorly. It is important that this section is
written clearly so that a non-specialist can understand what the aims of
the research are and how they will be implemented.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Candidates for Scholarships for PhD study who do not
provide information about the precise methodology and sampling strategy to
be used in the research do not score highly.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">All candidates must explain in some detail why they have
applied to the courses and institutions listed on their application forms.
It is insufficient simply to say that the universities are excellent, or
even that they are ranked nth on a global listing of universities.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study or research plans must be written by the
candidate, and not by the intended supervisor.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo15; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Simply cutting and pasting text about a department,
course or institution from a website or brochure is insufficient. Merely
listing the options available for a Master’s course is likewise
insufficient.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><u><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Additional information</span></u></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;">Recipients of Commonwealth Scholarships and
Fellowships are outstanding individuals. When differentiating between
closely-matched applications, the selection committee uses all of the
information provided by candidates on their application forms. Where candidates
have provided no additional information about, for example, voluntary
activities or other such contributions to development, this will not be to
their advantage.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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</div>
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<!--EndFragment--></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</h2>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
Taken from <a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/feedback/">http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/feedback/</a></span></h2>
</div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-24222406461496073572016-06-29T01:26:00.001-07:002016-06-29T19:24:12.826-07:00The Commonwealth Scholarship Commission (CSC) in Numbers...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUw2Lf9miQetj_MXtt9pS0b7tfNPivrr_wW5DAwqrb8Q187ymEyeVcEr4zUHDMKUt5Yb4ZBwIrLkSPiFVEuC-lQ11TMuO00pvZDDB1mM3Q5OwRhJnTq9xd3ImXS4M4kZYA8MKGzfl2O30/s1600/WhatsApp-Image-20160629.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUw2Lf9miQetj_MXtt9pS0b7tfNPivrr_wW5DAwqrb8Q187ymEyeVcEr4zUHDMKUt5Yb4ZBwIrLkSPiFVEuC-lQ11TMuO00pvZDDB1mM3Q5OwRhJnTq9xd3ImXS4M4kZYA8MKGzfl2O30/s640/WhatsApp-Image-20160629.jpeg" width="476" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The diagram above shows the total numbers of Commonwealth Scholarships awarded to all commonwealth member countries in 2014-2015. In total there were about 1641 scholarships have been awarded in both years, which 909 of them awarded in 2015. There were about 110 scholars have been offered for PhD and 155 scholars for Master's.</div>
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<br /></div>
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The diagram also shows the distribution of the scholarships according to the regions. The Sub-Saharan African region received the highest numbers of scholarships which about 595 and followed by South Asia region with 251. The other regions such as Australasia, Europe, Pacific, South East Asia and Caribbean received only 6.5% of the total scholarships.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Taken from: <a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/common-knowledge/">http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/common-knowledge/</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPv-LMJgc7_Xi2ZSZ8OftkGjxs_G7yf33_fuJ7fhNfHdTlWEcCnwa-J31UwncmCG4epQ_FgRb2Ala0ZddWg34-fnXgYCGILTD3Yqb2QUdmBo40BPAVCeERvSfYxO1lk-HFjjX-KEq1Cso/s1600/WhatsApp-Image-20160629+%25281%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPv-LMJgc7_Xi2ZSZ8OftkGjxs_G7yf33_fuJ7fhNfHdTlWEcCnwa-J31UwncmCG4epQ_FgRb2Ala0ZddWg34-fnXgYCGILTD3Yqb2QUdmBo40BPAVCeERvSfYxO1lk-HFjjX-KEq1Cso/s640/WhatsApp-Image-20160629+%25281%2529.jpeg" width="636" /></a></div>
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Commonwealth Countries from South East Asia are Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei Darussalam.</div>
<br />
<br />Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-71976442201572325032016-06-20T18:14:00.000-07:002016-06-20T20:46:55.089-07:00'Mercun Kitar Semula' ciptaan Sangit Selamat<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4p7lx4KrE-uvkYbesfxB-3MGWB6cgedysKGVCGsj4DgLGS0nWi7JRCEguhsAvYTNqaWZl2ksDOvCGCYjfEX8L9nGafNM1EkryOaz5kl1HFrojy2MnzDoW8BqD7EUo5gyxSHedJgPhCJk/s1600/Final+Presentation+CA+15%2527.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4p7lx4KrE-uvkYbesfxB-3MGWB6cgedysKGVCGsj4DgLGS0nWi7JRCEguhsAvYTNqaWZl2ksDOvCGCYjfEX8L9nGafNM1EkryOaz5kl1HFrojy2MnzDoW8BqD7EUo5gyxSHedJgPhCJk/s640/Final+Presentation+CA+15%2527.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">'Mercun Kitar Semula' ciptaan Sangit Selamat</span><br />
<br />
Bahan-bahan yang diperlukan:<br />
<br />
1. Satu set 'nat' basikal<br />
2. Dawai yang sederhana keras dalam 500 cm<br />
3. Paku bersaiz besar lubang 'nat'<br />
4. Mancis Api<br />
<br />
Kaedah Pembuatannya:<br />
<br />
1. Pintalkan hujung dawai ketat-ketat kepada sarung 'nat' tersebut sehingga tidak terlucut.<br />
2. Lipat dawai menjadi pemegang mengikut keselesaan.<br />
3. Ambil 2-3 batang mancis dan surihkan belerang kedalam lubang 'nat' tadi.<br />
4. Sumbatkan paku ke dalam lubang 'nat' perlahan-lahan sehingga paku tidak terlucut.<br />
5. Pegang pemegang 'nat' tadi dan ketuk paku tadi di permukaan yang rata dan keras.<br />
6. Letupan akan terhasil dan ulang langkah 3 - 5 untuk letupan seterusnya sehingga puas.<br />
<br />
Selamat Mencuba!<br />
<br />
Didokumentasikan oleh Firrbudi aka LensahijauDr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-32440845397505455932016-06-15T00:59:00.001-07:002016-06-15T01:37:23.989-07:00Projek Transformasi ‘The Naco House’ : Kronologi Pembinaan & Kajian Pencahayaan Semulajadi<h1 align="center" style="margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Projek Transformasi ‘<i>The Naco House</i>’ : </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Kronologi Pembinaan & Kajian Pencahayaan
Semulajadi</span></h1>
<h1 align="center" style="margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">
<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Oleh Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin (Jun 2016)<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Pengenalan </span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeWFAwSIHoF4IZmKX0uooHGEs26SmUsVRH1514j0gBypmJeuFqL0290rbyycIk7ZSgE-GErnYkUUWhsbg_X-aVXBoo5sYMUEcEJBpvXd7e5zCE5aEtPuCxZaRnUtTWNfRl2uil9mzjzo/s1600/New+DF2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeWFAwSIHoF4IZmKX0uooHGEs26SmUsVRH1514j0gBypmJeuFqL0290rbyycIk7ZSgE-GErnYkUUWhsbg_X-aVXBoo5sYMUEcEJBpvXd7e5zCE5aEtPuCxZaRnUtTWNfRl2uil9mzjzo/s640/New+DF2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Rata-rata masyarakat
di Malaysia terutama di kawasan kampong dan pendalaman membina rumah mereka
menggunakan ilham sendiri dengan kepakaran tempatan. Kebiasaannya rumah-rumah persendirian
ini direkabentuk oleh tuan rumah sendiri atau tukang kampong atas kemahuan dan
citarasa mereka berdasarkan pengamatan dan tinjauan terhadap contoh-contoh
rumah persendirian di kawasan sekeliling. Dengan mengambil faktor permintaan
terhadap khidmat tukang kampong yang masih tinggi, maka kajian yang telah
dilakukan oleh penulis ini adalah khusus untuk masyarakat kampong agar rumah
persendirian mereka lebih selesa didiami dan menjimatkan tenaga elektrik. Artikel
ini tidak akan menyentuh tentang gaya senibina sesebuah rumah tersebut kerana
ianya bersifat peribadi dan masing-masing mempunyai minat terhadap gaya
senibina tertentu. Apa yang akan dibincangkan ialah tentang kesan sumber
pencahayaan semulajadi dan pengudaraan semulajadi terhadap keselesaan sesebuah
rumah tersebut.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Reka Bentuk Asal ‘<i>The Naco House</i>’</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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Kajian ini memilih sebuah rumah kampong moden yang
terletak di Sijangkang sebagai model kajian. Rumah ini telah dibina pada tahun
1998 dengan menggunakan kaedah lama iaitu kombinasi diantara bahan berasaskan kayu
dan batu bata dimana peratusan bahan kayu adalah 70% berbanding batu bata.
Atapnya pula menggunakan bahan jenis asbestos. Pelan asal rumah ini telah
diilhamkan secara lisan oleh tuan rumah dan telah direalisasikan oleh tukang
kampong tempatan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 1: Rupabentuk
Rumah Asal ‘</span><i style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Naco House</i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">’ (1998)</span></div>
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Rumah ini menggunakan
tingkap jenis ‘naco’ dan tingkap berdaun di bahagian depan. Namun jumlah
tingkap yang disediakan tidak mencukupi serta susunan ruang yang tidak sesuai
menjadikan rumah ini kurang selesa diduduki. Setelah didiami selama 18 tahun,
beberapa masalah lain telah dihadapi oleh tuan rumah seperti kebocoran bumbung,
serangan anai-anai dan lantai rumah yang mula pecah. Masalah ini timbul kerana
kualiti pembinaan yang kurang baik seawal
pembinaannya.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfvuf3tLq2IayuCsBhDP4NfBqGesgxXDakxH0AHOwHdh4GXExhiw3JV0ldIZcYFs227J3yIUfEaOavMgWiAP-pk2d8tSVSpWkcbbldSitCjblMn3QKa54pEttBpuWtzGm1q9qDZFqRZfU/s1600/Old+Plan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfvuf3tLq2IayuCsBhDP4NfBqGesgxXDakxH0AHOwHdh4GXExhiw3JV0ldIZcYFs227J3yIUfEaOavMgWiAP-pk2d8tSVSpWkcbbldSitCjblMn3QKa54pEttBpuWtzGm1q9qDZFqRZfU/s640/Old+Plan.JPG" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 2: Pelan Asal ‘</span><i style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Naco House</i><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">’ (1998)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Reka Bentuk Baru ‘<i>The Naco House</i>’</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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Penulis telah diminta
oleh tuan rumah untuk membuat cadangan penambahbaikan terhadap masalah yang
dihadapi. Namun beberapa kekangan perlu dipatuhi terutama berkaitan kos
pembaikan yang terhad dan tiada penambahan saiz rumah boleh dibuat. Dengan
kepakaran dan kreativiti yang ada penulis berjaya menghasilkan satu reka bentuk
baharu rumah tersebut dengan beberapa penambahan minimum mengikut bajet yang
diperuntukan. Namun yang penting adalah masalah-masalah berkaitan keselesaan
dalaman dan pembinaan dapat diatasi. Diantara penambahbaikan yang dilakukan
ialah penambahan jumlah tingkap pada keseluruhan perimeter rumah, pembesaran
ruang dapur dan pelebaran ruang meletak kereta.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglAUSlB0PVfAIowWfP8pHg0j7iTGcyBDPyLTc4jJ21KOYd7WwwFyr0hUuQ0oTdnwxKG0cxP6hfzvHGzQuZ-vc11K-CkUvYAbjPphIRBxO_OgpLJyJYzKMvM1kCbbTm6r3fBWgt395xLAE/s1600/New+Plan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglAUSlB0PVfAIowWfP8pHg0j7iTGcyBDPyLTc4jJ21KOYd7WwwFyr0hUuQ0oTdnwxKG0cxP6hfzvHGzQuZ-vc11K-CkUvYAbjPphIRBxO_OgpLJyJYzKMvM1kCbbTm6r3fBWgt395xLAE/s640/New+Plan.JPG" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gambar 3: Pelan Baru ‘The Naco House’ (2016)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Ecotect Analysis 2011: Perbandingan Pencahayaan
Semulajadi</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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Gambar 4 menunjukkan
taburan pencahayaan semulajadi bagi pelan asal ‘The Naco House’. Terdapat
beberapa ruang yang kurang menerima pencahayaan iaitu, ruang makan, dapur,
bilik mandi dan tandas. Pencahayaan tiruan diperlukan sepenuhnya di ruang-ruang
ini.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gambar 4: Taburan
Pencahayaan Semulajadi Pelan Lama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Gambar 5 menunjukkan taburan pencahayaan semulajadi pada pelan baru yang
lebih seimbang dan sangat baik di keseluruhan rumah.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gambar 5: Taburan Pencahayaan Semulajadi Pelan
Baru<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Kronologi Pembinaan ‘The Naco House’</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 4: Sorotan peringkat pembinaan ‘The Naco House’</span></div>
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Kerja-kerja
pembinaan bermula pada penghujung
Januari 2016. Peringkat pertama ialah peringkat meruntuhkan struktur rumah lama
yang mengambil masa selama 2 minggu (rujuk imej 2). Diikuti dengan pemasangan ‘rasuk
gantung’ di atas struktur asal rumah lama. Rasuk gantung ini penting bagi menampung
beban dinding dan bumbung baru kerana lantai dan dinding bata asal tidak di
rekabentuk bagi menampung beban binaan bata. Bagi mengurangkan beban dinding,
penggunaan bata komposit yang lebih ringan dan besar perlu dilakukan. Setelah
siap kerja-kerja pemasangan dinding maka pembinaan rasuk dan tiang untuk bumbung
bermula. Disusuli pula dengan menaikkan kerangka bumbung dan pemasangan bumbung
itu sendiri. Peringkat seterusnya ialah kerja-kerja penyiapan iaitu lepaan
plaster pada dinding luar dan dalam sebelum kerja-kerja mengecat dimulakan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gambar 5: Gambar akhir setelah diserah pada 17 Jun 2018<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 6: Imej luar tingkap naco di sekeliling rumah</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar 7: Kesan pencahayaan dan pengudaraan yang sangat baik</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span>Kelebihan rumah ini ialah ianya menggunakan 256 kepingan kaca naco
dimana nama rumah ini diilhamkan. Tingkap kaca naco yang dipasang disekeliling
rumah berjaya menstabilkan suhu pada waktu puncak. Keputusan kajian simulasi
yang dijalankan juga telah berjaya dibuktikan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Kesimpulan & Saranan</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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Projek transformasi ‘The
Naco House’ ini menelan belanja sebanyak RM75,010. Anggaran bagi sekaki persegi adalah RM62.
Diakhir projek ini, penulis ingin menyarankan kepada bakal-bakal pemilik rumah
persendirian agar tidak melupakan peranan tingkap terhadap keselesaan rumah.
Perbanyakkan tingkap di sekeliling rumah bagi meningkatkan mutu pencahayaan dan
pengudaraan di dalam rumah anda. Juga sediakan blok-blok pengudaraan di atas
tingkap dan pintu bagi membantu pengaliran udara di waktu siang dan malam.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Faktor seterusnya
adalah tumbuh-tumbuhan di sekeliling rumah, ianya juga adalah sangat penting
dalam menentukan keselesaan kerana tumbuh-tumbuhan mengeluarkan gas oksigen
yang membantu menyegarkan kawasan persekitaran rumah. Rekabentuk rumah seharusnya
tidak berlapis-lapis, iaitu bilik berada di tengah-tengah tanpa pengudaraan dan
pencahayaan. Ini bakal membuatkan pergerakkan angin yang kurang baik dan bilik akan
berbau. Dua elemen penting yang wajib diterapkan di rumah-rumah persendirian
ialah pencahayaan dan pengudaraan semulajadi. <span style="text-align: center;">Sekian.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Disediakan oleh : Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-39329275268113450412016-06-13T00:29:00.001-07:002016-06-13T00:48:30.283-07:00Pengudaraan Semulajadi di Kediaman Tinggi : Permasalahan & Penyelesaian<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
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Pengudaraan Semulajadi
di Kediaman Tinggi : <o:p></o:p></h1>
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Permasalahan &
Penyelesaian<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Oleh: Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin (2016)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFg8gm0sQr29_muttOgsYdNq0EbFHLpJqZc76xqgs0H8e364DnRi-e-aVqvl7gTM3wssH-DGq2DMS3T-caSw1v0wCjqFGGRYTH8hzwWQ5pzVrrsECPiVbKIi8RBLPNW5yEhjMls3knZ2c/s1600/Imej+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFg8gm0sQr29_muttOgsYdNq0EbFHLpJqZc76xqgs0H8e364DnRi-e-aVqvl7gTM3wssH-DGq2DMS3T-caSw1v0wCjqFGGRYTH8hzwWQ5pzVrrsECPiVbKIi8RBLPNW5yEhjMls3knZ2c/s640/Imej+%25285%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Imej 1: Panorama Kediaman Tinggi di Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur (Sumber: www.panoramio.com)</span></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Pengenalan</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Tinggal di kediaman tinggi (<i>residential
high-rise</i>) merupakan situasi kebiasaan bagi warga kota-kota besar di seluruh
dunia. Mengikut laporan tahunan <i>Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat</i>
(CTBUH), jumlah keseluruhan bangunan
tinggi melebihi 200 meter yang siap dibina pada tahun 2014 ialah sebanyak 97
buah bangunan di seluruh dunia. Dari jumlah tersebut, 76% daripada
bangunan-bangunan tersebut terletak di
Asia dan 47% daripadanya adalah bangunan yang mempunyai unit-unit kediaman
tinggi <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span
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Wood, Carver, & Gerometta, 2015</i>)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Tidak terkecuali di Malaysia; tren industri
kediaman di bandar-bandar seperti Kuala Lumpur, Lembah Kelang, Pulau Pinang,
Ipoh dan Johor Bahru adalah berbentuk rumah bertingkat tinggi bagi memenuhi
keperluan pembangunan yang pesat. Tambahan pula di lokasi-lokasi berikut, nilai
hartanah adalah sangat tinggi yang menjadikan nilai hartanah pada aras tanah (<i>landed
property</i>) amat membebankan terutama kepada golongan berpendapatan rendah
dan sederhana. Atas faktor jarak ke tempat kerja yang dekat, unit-unit kediaman
tinggi menjadi pilihan utama warga kota. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Namun, akibat ketidaksesuaian reka bentuk dan pemilihan
bahan binaan, maka berlakulah ketidakselesaan terma pada unit-unit kediaman ini
yang mengakibatkan berlakunya transformasi besar-besaran sistem pengudaraan
dari kaedah semulajadi kepada sistem penyaman udara <!--[if supportFields]><span
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migration from rural areas to urban areas like Kuala Lumpur has led to some
implications for economic, social and cultural development. This high
population has placed enormous demand on the existing housing stocks,
especially for low-income groups. However, some issues arise, one of which is
overheated indoor air temperature. This problem contributes to the high-energy
usage that forces huge sums of money to be spent on cooling the house by using
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social housing, and incorporates traditional values into its design to achieve
a certain measurement of natural ventilation in a house. From the study, the carbon
emission and energy consumption for an air-conditioned house is 67%, 66% higher
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new typology design, which has a large exposed wall area and full-length
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Sahabuddin & Gonzalez-Longo, 2015</i>)<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->. Dapat disimpulkan disini bahawa isu utama perumahan
di Malaysia ialah kegagalan reka bentuk yang mengakibatkan ketidakselesaan
terma di dalam rumah. Masalah kedua pula adalah peningkatan kos elektrik yang
tinggi apabila <span lang="MS">sistem</span> penyaman udara digunakan bagi mengatasi isu
utama tadi (<i>Sadeghifam, Zahraee, Meynagh & Kiani, 2015</i>). <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Senario
yang berlaku sekarang adalah kebanyakan perumahan bertingkat tinggi di
negara-negara membangun di kawasan tropika telah meniru model perumahan di
negara beriklim sejuk, dengan fasad tertutup dan terlalu bergantung kepada penyaman
udara dan pengudaraan mekanikal </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1",
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entirely abolish energy-consuming air conditioning systems and simultaneously
maintain a high living quality, a comfortable atmosphere and sufficient natural
light in a high density living environment? To find answers to this question,
the paper will use the completed case study \u201cThe MET\u201d in Bangkok
designed by WOHA Architects Singapore. The possibilities of abolishing a/c,
will appear in building analyses, interviews with experts and conclusions from
detected (measured) acoustic decibel, temperature and wind speed. The
substantial questions are: Which existing knowledge and which architectural
strategies must be combined and modified to create the optimal system in
respect to building energy consumption and low carbon sustainability? What is
their im- pact in terms of architectural design? How will these conditions
influence the building typologies, floor plans and detailed openings in housing
construction? The paper will clarify the challenges in the design processes to
realize those typologies, fa\u00e7ade structures and windows details in
tropical conditions. This paper is part of the dissertation by this author and
focuses as its central theme, how the de- sign of a building and fa\u00e7ade
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Ing & Riewe, n.d.</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. </span>Bagi membantu
menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut, artikel ini ditulis bagi membincangkan potensi
pengudaraan semulajadi terhadap unit-unit kediaman tinggi yang mampu memberi
kesan positif terhadap meningkatkan keselesaan penghuni secara pasif <!--[if supportFields]><span
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"10.3763/asre.2007.5028", "ISBN" : "0003-8628",
"ISSN" : "00038628", "abstract" : "This
paper explores the potential of using natural ventilation for indoor thermal
comfort in residential buildings in Singapore based on climatic data analyses.
A typical year of weather data was selected by statistical analyses of weather
data over a five-year period in Singapore. The characteristics of weather data for
a typical year were analyzed with regard to temperatures, wind speeds, and wind
directions. Thermal comfort models for natural ventilation applicable for
Singapore were used for the assessment of thermal conditions. It was found that
by applying natural ventilation, a thermally comfortable indoor environment can
potentially be provided for a large number of hours in the year with optimum of
facade designs for residential buildings (negligible heat sources). The study
also developed facade design guidelines based on the required indoor air
velocities for thermal comfort. \u00a9 2007 University of Sydney. All rights
reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :
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Hien, 2007</i>)<!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->. <o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Faktor Ketinggian Bangunan dan Potensi
Pengudaraan</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
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o:title=""/>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9rEMpdejZemS0EJB23QuMS95yY86NZ0N8_n9-a0g49lKE2_-wyGS2o7fqfkHJQHaxJDxRRUFTcGkzjePH3MJrPnJfKAhwxqS3j_vmFZugxYC4FDtyGLh3ZW55V1TezDckVS5oYgEFIyQ/s1600/Imej+%25288%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9rEMpdejZemS0EJB23QuMS95yY86NZ0N8_n9-a0g49lKE2_-wyGS2o7fqfkHJQHaxJDxRRUFTcGkzjePH3MJrPnJfKAhwxqS3j_vmFZugxYC4FDtyGLh3ZW55V1TezDckVS5oYgEFIyQ/s640/Imej+%25288%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">‘The Met’ di Bangkok, Thailand. Salah satu projek kediaman tinggi yang
menggunakan pengudaraan semulajadi sepenuhnya. (Sumber: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Persoalan terbesar yang sering membelenggu
masyarakat setempat ialah: Adakah konsep pengudaraan semulajadi boleh berjaya
di Malaysia yang terkenal dengan iklim tropika yang panas dan lembab sepanjang
tahun? Satu kajian yang telah dilakukan di Singapura berjaya membuktikan bahawa
konsep pengudaraan semulajadi amat berjaya dipraktikkan pada kediaman tinggi
walaupun purata kelajuan angin disana adalah rendah <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-begin;
mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ {
"id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : {
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]-->(<i>Wong &
Hassell, 2010</i>)<!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->. Atas faktor kedudukan geografi yang sama
diantara Malaysia dan Singapura, maka konsep pengudaraan semulajadi tidak harus
dipersoalkan. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Fung & Lee (2014) menyatakan bahawa faktor
utama yang sering disandarkan dalam menentukan kejayaan sesuatu reka bentuk
pengudaraan semulajadi ialah konfigurasi bukaan pada fasad (tingkap, pintu
& komponen lain yang dibuka untuk tujuan pengudaraan) atau disebut OWR (<i>opening-to-wall-ratio</i>)
<!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><span
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ventilation contributes to comfort, reduction of energy use for air
conditioning and improving indoor air quality in high-rise high-density
residential buildings. Measures to improve its performance should be of
interest to the general public. Among factors that have an impact on natural
ventilation performance of residential units, openings configuration is perhaps
the most investigated. Much research work has been done on investigating the
impact of different configuration parameters, but most previous studies are
focused on only one impact parameter. In this study, computational fluid
dynamics simulations are conducted for evaluating the combined impact of
different configuration parameters so as to identify the configuration
parameter that has the highest impact on natural ventilation performance of
residential units. Statistical analysis of simulation results revealed that
amongst the five studied parameters (i.e. ventilation mode, window type,
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performance, represented by mean age of air, is most affected by the
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]-->(<i>Fung &
Lee, 2014</i>)<!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->. Namun terdapat satu faktor lain yang kurang
diambil perhatian tetapi sangat mempengaruhi pengudaraan semulajadi pada
kediaman tinggi iaitu kedudukan dari aras laut (<i>altitude</i>). Kelebihan
inilah yang perlu dimanipulasi oleh perekabentuk dalam mencapai keselesaan
terma secara pasif. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Peddie
& Rofail (2011) menyatakan bahawa bangunan kediaman tinggi mempunyai
kelebihan kerana dapat menjana tekanan udara yang berbeza dan lebih tinggi di keseluruhan
fasad kediaman, menjadikannya berpotensi dan mudah untuk mencapai keselesaan
haba. Mereka juga mencadangkan bahawa bukaan OWR perlu mematuhi banyak kriteri seperti
pengaruh-pengaruh luaran termasuk ketinggian </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS"><i>(Peddie & Rofail, 2011</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Dalam
satu kajian yang dilakukan, purata tiupan angin permukaan di semenanjung
Malaysia ialah 2.3 meter per saat (m/s) </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
"ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "abstract" : "This
paper reviews the potential for wind-power generated electricity in ASEAN
countries with special attention to Malaysia. ASEAN countries comprises of
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand and Vietnam. Big progress in renewable energy most probably comes in
wind, because ASEAN countries have big potential for wind energy as it occupies
less land. Besides, land in these countries is quite fertile and has
alternative uses, so it's not very conducive for solar. Wind resources map are
widely available for Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Philippines but
there is not much information about other five ASEAN countries. Wind data was
analyzed to study on the wind energy potential in Malaysia. Preliminary
examination on selecting the specific location for wind turbine installation in
Malaysia was done using FirstLook software. The most appropriate point for
locating wind turbine in Malaysia can be selected using RIAM-COMPACT numerical
model developed for micro siting. This study is of interest not only to look
into available and ongoing projects of wind energy in ASEAN countries but also
for assessing the feasibility of using wind machines in Malaysia. It is
concluded that for Malaysia in the foreseeable future the benefits of economic
wind power electricity generation will probably be confined to small remote
isolated installations. KEYWORDS", "author" : [ {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Rosly", "given" : "Nurhayati",
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"", "family" : "Ohya", "given" :
"Yuji", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
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"id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "title" :
"WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN ASEAN COUNTRIES \u2013 SPECIAL ATTENTION TO
MALAYSIA", "type" : "article-journal" },
"uris" : [ "http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=27d08d53-4cb2-46ea-938e-e26a5560a180"
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& Ohya, 2011)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Rosly
& Ohya, 2011)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Rosly
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}, "schema" :
"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"
}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Rosly & Ohya, 2011</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Mersing merupakan lokasi yang menerima tiupan angin permukaan yang
paling tinggi di semenanjung Malaysia iaitu berpurata 4.0 hingga 5.5 m/s </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
"ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" :
"10.1016/0960-1481(95)00004-8", "ISBN" :
"0960-1481", "ISSN" : "09601481",
"abstract" : "Wind data collected at ten stations in Malaysia
were analysed for wind energy potential. The data were collected over a
ten-year period (1982\u20131991). The results were presented as a Weibull
distribution and analysis indicated that the station at Mersing has the
greatest potential, with a mean power density of 85.61 W/m2 at 10 m above sea
level.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :
"", "family" : "Sopian", "given" :
"K.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names"
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"", "family" : "Othman", "given" :
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"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Wirsat", "given" : "A.",
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false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" :
"Renewable Energy", "id" : "ITEM-1",
"issue" : "8", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "1995" ] ] }, "page" :
"1005-1016", "title" : "The wind energy potential of
Malaysia", "type" : "article-journal",
"volume" : "6" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0724a850-46b5-4127-88b7-1bb839ce859c"
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Sopian, Othman, & Wirsat, 1995)",
"plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(K. Sopian, Othman, &
Wirsat, 1995)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(K.
Sopian, Othman, & Wirsat, 1995)" }, "properties" : {
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS"><i>(K. Sopian, Othman, & Wirsat,
1995</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Perlu di ingat kedudukan stesen meteorologi di Mersing adalah
berhadapan dengan lautan terbuka. Jadi, tidak mustahil kelajuan angin seperti
itu boleh direkodkan. Manakala, kajian lain pula mendapati bahawa purata tiupan
angin permukaan di sembilan (9) lokasi di seluruh Malaysia ialah diantara 1.8
sehingga 2.9 m/s </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1",
"itemData" : { "abstract" : "In this paper, the wind
energy potential in Malaysia is examined by analyzing hourly wind speed data
for nine coastal sites namely Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu,
Kuching, Kudat, Mersing, Sandakan, Tawau and Pulau Langkawi. The monthly
averages of wind speed and wind energy are calculat- ed. Moreover, the wind
speed distribution histogram is constructed for these sites. The results showed
that the average wind speed for these sites is in the range of (1.8-2.9) m/s
while the annual energy of the wind hitting a wind turbine with a 1 m2 swept
area is in the range of (15.4-25.2) kWh/m2.annum. This paper pro- vides a data
bank for wind energy for Malaysia.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle"
: "", "family" : "Sopian", "given" :
"Kamaruzzaman", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Khatib", "given" : "Tamer",
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false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" :
"Palestine Technical University Research Journal", "id" :
"ITEM-1", "issue" : "1", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "page" :
"10-15", "title" : "Wind Energy Potential in Nine
Coastal Sites in Malaysia", "type" : "article-journal",
"volume" : "1" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a12d2a1e-3d27-44ce-9e1f-e86058819da9"
] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" :
"(Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Khatib, 2013)",
"plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Kamaruzzaman Sopian &
Khatib, 2013)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Kamaruzzaman Sopian & Khatib, 2013</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Sembilan lokasi ini pula bukanlah bandar-bandar yang di kategorikan
sebagai bandaraya yang besar dan kesemuanya berada di lokasi persisiran pantai.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Jadi,
bagaimana pula keadaannya dengan lokasi bandar yang jauh dari pantai? Masih
adakah aliran udara yang mencukupi bagi memberi pengudaraan semulajadi yang
baik di kawasan bandar? Disinilah jurang yang penulis temui yang masih kurang
dikaji oleh penyelidik di Malaysia. Namun berdasarkan penemuan yang dijalankan
di Bangkok – salah satu kota metropolitan penting di rantau ini, kelajuan angin
yang dicatat pada permukaan tanah adalah 0.52 m/s </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
"ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "abstract" : "Is it
possible to entirely abolish energy-consuming air conditioning systems and
simultaneously maintain a high living quality, a comfortable atmosphere and
sufficient natural light in a high density living environment? To find answers
to this question, the paper will use the completed case study \u201cThe
MET\u201d in Bangkok designed by WOHA Architects Singapore. The possibilities
of abolishing a/c, will appear in building analyses, interviews with experts
and conclusions from detected (measured) acoustic decibel, temperature and wind
speed. The substantial questions are: Which existing knowledge and which
architectural strategies must be combined and modified to create the optimal
system in respect to building energy consumption and low carbon sustainability?
What is their im- pact in terms of architectural design? How will these conditions
influence the building typologies, floor plans and detailed openings in housing
construction? The paper will clarify the challenges in the design processes to
realize those typologies, fa\u00e7ade structures and windows details in
tropical conditions. This paper is part of the dissertation by this author and
focuses as its central theme, how the de- sign of a building and fa\u00e7ade
structures can affect good living quality and interior climate in tropical and
subtropical regions without the use of a/c.", "author" : [ {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Ing", "given" : "Dipl",
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: false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" :
"ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [
"0" ] ] }, "page" : "768-778", "title"
: "Residential High-Rises without the usage of Air-Conditioning in
Tropical Short Summary 2 . Residential High Rise Project The MET",
"type" : "article-journal" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2b0cacb2-3fdf-47ae-a4a0-5b1221f06ce9"
] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Ing
& Riewe, n.d.)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Ing
& Riewe, n.d.)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Ing
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0 }, "schema" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS"><i>(Ing & Riewe, n.d.</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Namun,
melalui kajian yang sama, pengkaji menemui bahawa pada ketinggian 65 meter dari
permukaan tanah, kelajuan angin adalah tinggi dan sangat ketara iaitu 6.13 m/s.
Boleh dirumuskan bahawa, kelajuan angin pada ketinggian 200 meter dari
permukaan tanah adalah 3 kali lebih tinggi dari kelajuan angin di permukaan
tanah </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span style='mso-element:
field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {
"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1",
"itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle"
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false, "suffix" : "" } ], "id" :
"ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [
"2015" ] ] }, "title" : "Wind Harvesting System :
Design Configuration of Opening-To-Wall-Ratio ( OWR ) for Optimizing Natural
Ventilation Performance in High-Rise Buildings", "type" :
"article-journal" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=10488d14-2b8f-4d9a-8389-0f733f3461b5"
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Sahabuddin, 2015)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Mohd
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}, "schema" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Mohd Sahabuddin, 2015</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Ini bermakna pada ketinggian 200 meter, kelajuan angin purata di
Malaysia ialah 6.9 m/s. Nah! Ianya sangat mencukupi untuk sistem pengudaraan
semulajadi berfungsi dengan baik di kawasan bandar. Malah tenaga angin ini
boleh dituai dan diperbaharui untuk penghasilan tenaga baru (<i>harvest &
renewable</i>). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Kaedah Penyelesaian Reka Bentuk
Pengudaraan Semulajadi di Kediaman Tinggi</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Penulis
melalui kajian terdahulu telah menggariskan syarat-syarat reka bentuk
berkonsepkan ‘<i>Air House</i>’. Diantaranya ialah ukuran pergerakkan angin
yang perlu dicapai bagi mengekalkan tahap keselesaan terma di dalam unit-unit
kediaman tinggi. Pergerakkan angin yang disyorkan oleh penulis ialah diantara
0.3 m/s sehingga 1.5 m/s melalui bukaan OWR pada fasad luar di antara 15%
sehingga 50% mengikut ketinggian bangunan </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1",
"itemData" : { "ISBN" : "6032616509",
"ISSN" : "19946961", "PMID" :
"108599448", "abstract" : "Large migration from rural
areas to urban areas like Kuala Lumpur has led to some implications for
economic, social and cultural development. This high population has placed
enormous demand on the existing housing stocks, especially for low-income
groups. However, some issues arise, one of which is overheated indoor air
temperature. This problem contributes to the high-energy usage that forces huge
sums of money to be spent on cooling the house by using mechanical equipment.
Therefore, this study focuses on thermal comfort in social housing, and
incorporates traditional values into its design to achieve a certain
measurement of natural ventilation in a house. From the study, the carbon
emission and energy consumption for an air-conditioned house is 67%, 66% higher
than a naturally ventilated house. Therefore, this research has come up with a
new typology design, which has a large exposed wall area and full-length
openings on the opposite walls to increase cross ventilation. At the end of
this research, the measurement of thermal comfort for a naturally ventilated
building called 'Air House' has been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]",
"author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "",
"family" : "Mohd Sahabuddin", "given" :
"Mohd Firrdhaus", "non-dropping-particle" : "",
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"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Gonzalez-Longo", "given" : "Cristina",
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false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" :
"Archnet-IJAR", "id" : "ITEM-1",
"issue" : "2", "issued" : {
"date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "page" :
"31-44", "title" : "Traditional values and their
adaptation in social housing design: Towards a new typology and establishment
of 'Air House' standard in Malaysia", "type" :
"article-journal", "volume" : "9" },
"uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=254c6eed-7d22-45f5-9356-0f384c8d97ea"
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Sahabuddin & Gonzalez-Longo, 2015)",
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Gonzalez-Longo, 2015)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" :
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}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Mohd Sahabuddin &
Gonzalez-Longo, 2015</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">. Bagi
menyokong penemuan ini, kajian yang dilakukan di Bangkok telah mengesyorkan
kelajuan angin 4.0 m/s perlu dicapai melalui bukaan OWR sebanyak 40% di unit kediaman
yang terletak pada aras permukaan tanah bagi memenuhi tahap keselesaan </span><!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" :
"ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :
"Tantasavasdi", "given" : "Chalermwat",
"non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :
false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :
"", "family" : "Chen", "given" :
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"parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {
"dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Strickland",
"given" : "Roy J.", "non-dropping-particle" :
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"8", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [
"1998" ] ] }, "page" : "1-96", "title"
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"33" }, "uris" : [
"http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=04c0cee5-12c6-4977-9c36-ea059724e3d6"
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Strickland, 1998)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0
}, "schema" :
"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"
}<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">(<i>Tantasavasdi, Chen, &
Strickland, 1998</i>)</span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=MS><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYtEtOcLWUgtmK5tANFpSwvFLqYFEx4oapRTZNbh9Y29YUGESBIxpA_AZtY24-wajSOMnzT-FoP6AZDaKzvYxOy9x3u5FYsRmLfrNvh-qtgge4OtA6iHZMNmKDL0JJIUgxwsrNTeTAT8/s1600/Imej+%25286%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKYtEtOcLWUgtmK5tANFpSwvFLqYFEx4oapRTZNbh9Y29YUGESBIxpA_AZtY24-wajSOMnzT-FoP6AZDaKzvYxOy9x3u5FYsRmLfrNvh-qtgge4OtA6iHZMNmKDL0JJIUgxwsrNTeTAT8/s640/Imej+%25286%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Imej
3: Gambarajah konsep pengagihan aliran udara mengikut ketinggian bangunan
(Sumber: Pengarang)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> Berpandukan kepada gambarajah
diatas, hipotesis yang dapat penulis hasilkan disini ialah, atas faktor tekanan
kelajuan angin yang berbeza-beza mengikut ketinggian bangunan maka jumlah
keluasan OWR pada fasad juga harus berbeza-beza mengikut ketinggian bagi
mencapai pengudaraan semulajadi yang sesuai. Sebagai contoh, dengan kelajuan
angin purata 2.3 m/s pada ketinggian 10 meter dari aras permukaan tanah maka
keluasan OWR yang dicadangkan ialah diantara 40% – 50%. Manakala bagi
ketinggian 100 meter dari aras tanah, bukaan OWR yang sesuai adalah 20% - 30%.
Begitu jugalah bagi ketinggian 200 meter dari aras tanah, keluasan OWR yang
dicadangkan ialah 10% - 15% sahaja. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<span lang="MS"> </span></h2>
<h2>
<span lang="MS"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Pengalaman dan
Perbincangan</span><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> Penulis pernah tinggal di 2 unit
kediaman tinggi pada ketinggian yang berbeza. Kediaman pertama terletak diatas
bukit dan unit tersebut berada pada aras 15. Dianggarkan ketinggian dari aras
permukaan tanah adalah sekitar 60 meter. Dari pemerhatian penulis, pintu
gelongsor balkoni di kediaman tersebut tidak dapat dibuka seluasnya kerana
tiupan angin yang masuk adalah sangat kuat dan tidak menyelesakan terutama
ketika hari hujan. Manakala, pengalaman lain penulis di kediaman kedua pula
adalah sangat jauh berbeza. Kediaman kedua ini terletak di aras tanah dan pintu
gelongsor balkoni kediaman tersebut sentiasa terbuka luas bagi membenarkan
angin masuk bagi tujuan pengudaraan. Terbukti keselesaan dapat dicapai apabila
bukaan OWR yang disediakan bersesuaian. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> Melalui pengalaman tersebut dan
pemerhatian secara kasar terhadap pembangunan perumahan kediaman tinggi di
Malaysia, rata-rata kebanyakan Arkitek merekabentuk kediaman tinggi dengan meletakkan
keluasan bukaan OWR yang sama tanpa mengira ketinggian unit kediaman tersebut.
Ini bermakna keluasan OWR pada unit kediaman di tingkat paling bawah adalah
sama dengan keluasan OWR pada unit kediaman di tingkat paling atas. Adakah
pendekatan ini betul dan sesuai? Mungkin ada yang akan memberi alasan tentang
butiran OWR yang berbeza bakal memberi seribu satu masalah dalam penghasilan
lukisan pembinaan; ada juga alasan yang mengaitkan dengan kesediaan industri
terutama di pihak kontraktor; malah ada juga yang mengaitkan dengan penambahan
tempoh pembinaan. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"> Walau apapun alasannya, rumah/unit
kediaman rendah, sederhana atau tinggi yang dibina seharusnya sepadan dengan
harga tinggi yang dilaburkan oleh pembeli. Bangunan adalah seumpama permainan
‘LEGO’. Dengan kreativiti kita mampu menghasilkan sesebuah bangunan yang berkualiti.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1026"
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mso-wrap-style:square'>
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o:title=""/>
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o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:206pt;height:308.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span lang="MS"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhOuCkSKrfq1NcpE2DeTOD9ZK32CMPL8c8eModT6AAGeUDi6PmO2Ri0m7B-QkhYrQFTnNu-s4OyTu6QkJANipLCSuIk-m5GmhMbTUnDMCLitGRPkWWCGdQPiCBg0QASdU7Vzb0yEXqv4/s1600/Imej+%25287%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhOuCkSKrfq1NcpE2DeTOD9ZK32CMPL8c8eModT6AAGeUDi6PmO2Ri0m7B-QkhYrQFTnNu-s4OyTu6QkJANipLCSuIk-m5GmhMbTUnDMCLitGRPkWWCGdQPiCBg0QASdU7Vzb0yEXqv4/s640/Imej+%25287%2529.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Flora Damansara
(Sumber: www.panoramio.com)</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="MS" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheZ30SI7ywipFuiKWVkBlFBul7xbSDOCOMk65VtdRThlOAetjqxEjVhP-76PJsodl9aGQPi1dRJfl3Tpci6jkjEx3D9YxZ37w9Ul2CrNhTxFNd-sdqoE2p_-zNs7Qysw8qp5BgCep3e6U/s1600/Imej+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheZ30SI7ywipFuiKWVkBlFBul7xbSDOCOMk65VtdRThlOAetjqxEjVhP-76PJsodl9aGQPi1dRJfl3Tpci6jkjEx3D9YxZ37w9Ul2CrNhTxFNd-sdqoE2p_-zNs7Qysw8qp5BgCep3e6U/s640/Imej+%25281%2529.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 15.3333px;">PPR Taman Mulia (Sumber: www.panoramio.com)</span></div>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
Rujukan</span></h2>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=MS><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:yes'></span>ADDIN
Mendeley Bibliography CSL_BIBLIOGRAPHY <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span lang="MS">Fung, Y. W., & Lee, W. L. (2014). Identifying the most
influential parameter affecting natural ventilation performance in high-rise
high-density residential buildings. <i>Indoor and Built Environment </i>, <i>24</i>(6),
803–812. http://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X14536189<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Ing, D., & Riewe, R. (n.d.). Residential High-Rises
without the usage of Air-Conditioning in Tropical Short Summary 2 . Residential
High Rise Project The MET, 768–778.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Liping, W., & Hien, W. N. (2007). Applying natural
ventilation for thermal comfort in residential buildings in Singapore. <i>Architectural
Science Review</i>, <i>50</i>(3), 224–233.
http://doi.org/10.3763/asre.2007.5028<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Mohd Sahabuddin, M. F. (2015). Wind Harvesting System :
Design Configuration of Opening-To-Wall-Ratio ( OWR ) for Optimizing Natural
Ventilation Performance in High-Rise Buildings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Mohd Sahabuddin, M. F., & Gonzalez-Longo, C. (2015).
Traditional values and their adaptation in social housing design: Towards a new
typology and establishment of “Air House” standard in Malaysia. <i>Archnet-IJAR</i>,
<i>9</i>(2), 31–44.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Peddie, K., & Rofail, T. (2011). Designing for Natural
Ventilation in Tall Residential Buildings, 1–10.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Rosly, N., & Ohya, Y. (2011). WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN
ASEAN COUNTRIES – SPECIAL ATTENTION TO MALAYSIA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Safarik, D., Wood, A., Carver, M., & Gerometta, M.
(2015). An all-time record 97 buildings of 200 meters or higher completed in
2014. <i>CTBUH Journal</i>, (1), 40–47.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Sopian, K., & Khatib, T. (2013). Wind Energy Potential in
Nine Coastal Sites in Malaysia. <i>Palestine Technical University Research
Journal</i>, <i>1</i>(1), 10–15.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Sopian, K., Othman, M. Y. H., & Wirsat, A. (1995). The
wind energy potential of Malaysia. <i>Renewable Energy</i>, <i>6</i>(8),
1005–1016. http://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(95)00004-8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<span lang="MS">Tantasavasdi, C., Chen, Q., & Strickland, R. J. (1998).
Natural ventilation: Design for Suburban Houses in Thailand, <i>33</i>(8),
1–96.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 24pt; text-indent: -24pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 24.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -24.0pt;">
<span lang="MS" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-no-proof: yes;">Wong, M. S., & Hassell, R. (2010). Tall Buildings in
Southeast Asia - A Humanist Approach to Tropical High-rise, (Iii), 24–32.</span><span lang="MS" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-no-proof: yes;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-89277229490525139222016-05-30T02:12:00.001-07:002016-06-13T00:29:32.647-07:00Projek 'Mahligai Ummi' @ Batu 9, Sijangkang<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDbqrySkhhyphenhypheng392wGW5oq9Fp5Bm6NG-Jg_fPFyWpA-tcCnZmnnMNlTK1SUR3yqKIQtEf2-nIhY00rX9RUMbQBfOLIqgmAmlHpHdp7fQdUZ4qI7-69Oh09oIV4qWF9SjxXD5eDuWf_duSw/s1600/Poster-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDbqrySkhhyphenhypheng392wGW5oq9Fp5Bm6NG-Jg_fPFyWpA-tcCnZmnnMNlTK1SUR3yqKIQtEf2-nIhY00rX9RUMbQBfOLIqgmAmlHpHdp7fQdUZ4qI7-69Oh09oIV4qWF9SjxXD5eDuWf_duSw/s640/Poster-1.jpg" width="612" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Design by Firrbudi aka Lensahijau</div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-78067844666223171362016-05-26T02:43:00.002-07:002016-05-30T01:25:09.400-07:00DILEMA REKA BENTUK MASJID DI MALAYSIA : Hilangnya Konsep Kesederhanaan & Kelestarian<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">DILEMA REKA BENTUK MASJID DI MALAYSIA :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Hilangnya Konsep Kesederhanaan & Kelestarian</span><o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Oleh Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>Pengenalan</u></b><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><u><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1.1</b> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Isu
Semasa</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Dengan pertumbuhan pesat pembinaan masjid dan
fungsinya dalam masyarakat Islam di Malaysia, keselesaan jemaah adalah menjadi
satu kebimbangan utama. Keselesaan haba yang tidak sesuai dalam bangunan masjid
membawa kepada persekitaran terma yang tidak selesa bagi jemaah (Hussin,
Salleh, Chan, & Mat, 2014). Ia telah menjadi amalan biasa bahawa
masjid-masjid di Malaysia perlu dilengkapi dengan sistem penyaman udara
untuk memberi keselesaan kepada jemaah. Walau bagaimanapun, kurangnya kajian
dan maklumat mengenai tahap keselesaan ruang solat di masjid di Malaysia
menyukarkan penambahbaikan dilakukan (Hussin et al., 2014). Peningkatan
penggunaan penyaman udara di bangunan masjid di Malaysia nampaknya
memberi kesan peningkatan penggunaan tenaga elektrik dalam operasi masjid
setiap hari (Hussin et al., 2014). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Bangunan masjid sebaiknya perlu mempunyai elemen penyatuan dengan unsur alam
kerana masjid berfungsi sebagai wadah dalam bersujud/sembahyang kepada
Allah SWT yang menciptakan alam semesta ini (Imriyanti, 2013). Di
seluruh dunia, masjid adalah tempat ibadat yang sangat bersih, di mana karpet
digunakan di keseluruhan ruang solat utama dari dinding ke pintu masuk. Semasa
waktu-waktu tertentu seperti ketika ibadat solat jumaat dan solat sunat
terawih, masjid-masjid sering dipenuhi oleh Jemaah sehingga kepadatannya
melebihi 1.5 orang bagi satu meter persegi (Ocak, Kiliçvuran, Eren,
Sofuoglu, & Sofuoglu, 2012).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Semestinya pada situasi tersebut, kualiti
pengudaraan akan terjejas dan pendekatan pengudaraan semulajadi mampu
menyelesaikan masalah ketidakselesaan ruang dalaman, penggunaan tenaga yang
tinggi bagi penyaman udara dan kualiti udara yang tidak baik (IAQ) (Fung
& Lee, 2014). Penggunaan kaedah pasif seperti pengudaraan semulajadi
adalah salah satu kaedah berkesan untuk penyesuaian suhu dalaman di dalam
bangunan masjid di kawasan tropika seperti Malaysia (Aflaki, Mahyuddin,
Al-Cheikh Mahmoud, & Baharum, 2015).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bagi mengukuhkan isu ini, satu kajian yang
telah dijalankan berjaya membuktikan bacaan CO² yang tinggi yang menggambarkan
bahawa pengudaraan di dalam masjid adalah tidak mencukupi terutama ketika waktu
solat jumaat (Ocak et al., 2012). Oleh itu, pengudaraan yang lebih baik
adalah sangat diperlukan bagi bangunan masjid (Ocak et al., 2012).
Pengudaraan semulajadi dapat memenuhi faktor kesihatan dan keselesaan terma
seperti oksigen yang mencukupi, tahap CO² yang rendah, tiada asap dan gas-gas
berbahaya, pencegahan bakteria dan bau (Imriyanti, 2013). Keperluan untuk
keselesaan haba juga adalah termasuk pemindahan haba keluar dari ruang solat
bagi membantu penyejatan peluh daripada penyejukan struktur bangunan (Imriyanti,
2013).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Diantara faktor penting yang harus
diintegrasikan ke dalam rekabentuk masjid oleh Arkitek di Malaysia ialah
penggunaan lohong pengudaraan (<i>ventilation shaft</i>), ratio bukaan pada
dinding (<i>opening-to-wall-ratio</i>) dan orentasi bangunan (<i>building
orientation</i>) bagi menghasilkan satu reka bentuk yang respon kepada keadaan
iklim setempat (Aflaki et al., 2015).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1.2</b> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Faktor
Keselesaan Terma Dalaman & Pemakaian</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Tidak dinafikan sama sekali bahawa keselesaan
terma dalaman di dalam masjid memainkan peranan besar dalam membantu
penghayatan ibadah yang dilakukan. Menurut kajian yang telah dijalankan keatas
396 orang jemaah di masjid-masjid berpenyaman udara, suhu operasi yang boleh
diterima oleh jemaah di Malaysia ialah sekitar 26.99 ˚C sehingga 31.41 ˚C (Hussin
et al., 2014). Jika dilihat nilai suhu yang disebutkan tadi, ianya tidaklah
terlalu rendah yang mana boleh dicapai melalui kaedah semulajadi di Malaysia.
Salah satu faktor yang membantu penyesuaian suhu dalaman dan keselesaan Jemaah
adalah gaya pemakaian Jemaah itu sendiri. Rata-rata jemaah yang hadir ke masjid
mengenakan pakaian ringan seperti baju melayu dan kain sarung yang diperbuat
dari kain kapas iaitu sebanyak 59.1% ketika solat <i>Subuh</i>, 43.9% bagi
waktu <i>Maghrib</i> dan 40.9% bagi waktu <i>Isyak</i> (Hussin
et al., 2014). Dapat disimpulkan disini bahawa cara pemakaian tidak menjadi isu
besar dalam menentukan keselesaan jemaah.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Kajian yang dilakukan oleh Husin et al. (2014)
menyimpulkan bahawa tahap keselesaan di dalam masjid-masjid berpenyaman udara
adalah baik iaitu melepasi tahap yang ditetapkan di dalam <i>ASHRAE
Standard-55</i> (2013). Hanya sebahagian kecil iaitu 9.1% sehingga 15.2%
Jemaah sahaja yang merasa sedikit panas (<i>a bit warm</i>) ketika berada di
dalam masjid-masjid yang dikaji. Nilai tersebut adalah kecil dan berkemungkinan
berlaku atas faktor luaran yang lain.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1.3</b> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Kos
Penggunaan Tenaga Bagi Masjid Berpenyaman Udara</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Isu sebenar yang perlu diberi perhatian
berkaitan masjid di Malaysia ialah kos penggunaan tenaga yang tinggi dan tidak
ekonomi. Satu kajian perbandingan yang telah dilakukan menemukan bahawa
bangunan yang berpenyaman udara menggunakan 66% lebih tenaga berbanding
bangunan tanpa penyaman udara (Mohd Sahabuddin & Gonzalez-Longo,
2015). Manakala kajian oleh Saidur (2009) menemukan bahawa rata-rata bangunan
di Malaysia menggunakan 57% tenaga dalam operasi sistem penyaman udara iaitu
lebih tinggi berbanding Indonesia (51%), Arab Saudi (50%), Sepanyol (52%) dan
Amerika Syarikat (48%) (Hussin et al., 2014).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bagi bangunan masjid, fungsi dan tempoh
penggunaan adalah berbeza berbanding bangunan-bangunan lain kerana
penggunaannya tertumpu semasa waktu solat dan kelas-kelas agama sahaja.
Mengikut satu kajian, kos bil elektrik bagi bulan-bulan selain Ramadhan
berpurata RM3,000 sebulan manakala pada bulan Ramadhan ianya meningkat hampir
sekali ganda iaitu RM6,000 sebulan (Hussin et al., 2014). Secara pukal,
dalam setahun sebuah masjid memerlukan bajet perbelanjaan sebanyak RM40,000
bagi menampung penggunaan elektrik untuk sistem penyaman udara. Ini tidak
termasuk kos penggunaan tenaga bagi pencahayaan tiruan (<i>artificial lighting</i>),
penyelenggaraan dan peralatan lainnya. Nilai ini juga bergantung kepada saiz
sesebuah masjid dan bilangan unit penyaman udara yang dipasang. Secara
logiknya, kos perbelanjaan akan meningkat seiring dengan keluasan ruang
berpenyaman udara dan jumlah unit penyaman udara yang digunakan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Kesan kos ini dialami secara langsung oleh
tabung kewangan masjid namun kesan yang lebih utama yang tidak dilihat dan
dirasai oleh jemaah adalah kesan kepada alam sekitar. Kepesatan pembangunan dan
pertambahan populasi menjadikan pembinaan masjid tumbuh bagai cendawan selepas
hujan. Jika dikira faktor pembebasan CO<sup>2</sup> bagi setiap unit
penyaman udara yang digunakan, jumlah pembebasan CO<sup>2</sup> yang bakal
dijana ke ruang udara oleh semua masjid-masjid ini amat merisaukan. Seharusnya
pusat ibadah ini menyumbang kepada keharmonian sejagat secara keseluruhannya
bukan tertumpu kepada keselesaan jemaah sahaja.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>1.4</b> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Masjid
Sebagai Simbol Kesederhanaan</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Masjid sebagai pusat ibadah kepada Tuhan Yang
Maha Esa dan pusat kemasyarakatan seharusnya disulami dengan elemen-elemen
semulajadi (Imriyanti, 2013). Ajaran Islam yang menganjurkan umatnya
meminimumkan kemusnahan alam sekitar, mengelak pembaziran dan menjaga kesihatan
perlu menjadi doktrin utama jemaah dan masyarakat sekeliling. Penghayatan
ajaran Islam adalah menyeluruh bukan sahaja tertumpu kepada ibadah semata-mata
malah menjaga persekitaran alam sekeliling merupakan tuntutan yang harus diberi
penekanan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Konsep masjid yang lestari bukanlah konsep yang
asing di Malaysia. Rata-rata pembinaan masjid di Malaysia sejak kedatangan Islam
ke Nusantara sudah bersifat lestari dan mapan. Masjid-masjid didirikan dengan
menerapkan elemen ‘sains kuno’ rumah tradisional Melayu yang amat cocok dengan
iklim setempat (rujuk artikel ‘Rumah Tradisional Melayu : Antara Seni, Sains
& Realiti’ di Majalah Sains). Keselesaan tidak menjadi isu besar di
kalangan jemaah pada waktu itu. Masjid-masjid dibina menggunakan bahan binaan
ringan yang tidak menyerap haba malah reka bentuknya yang responsif kepada
iklim setempat membantu menstabilkan keselesaan terma (Mohd Sahabuddin
& Gonzalez-Longo, 2015). Sebagai contoh, reka bentuk masjid-masjid
tertua di Malaysia iaitu Masjid Tengkera di Melaka (1728), Masjid Kampung Laut
di Kelantan (1730an) dan Masjid Pengkalan Kakap di Kedah (1800an) yang
mengadaptasikan elemen-elemen lestari kedalam reka bentuknya sejak dahulu lagi.
Persoalannya, dimana hilangnya identiti dan sains kuno ini?<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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Terdapat dua aspek umum yang mempengaruhi
transformasi seni bina masjid; pertama adalah keterbukaan kepada pengaruh luar
dan responsif kepada faktor-faktor luaran - sama ada alam sekitar, budaya dan
sejarah (Shah, Arbi, & Inangda, 2014). Jika dibandingkan dengan
reka bentuk masjid-masjid bertaraf ikonik yang direka oleh Arkitek di Malaysia
sejak akhir-akhir ini; ianya bukan sahaja gagal menepati konsep reka bentuk
setempat malah menjauhi ajaran kesederhanaan dalam Islam yang menyumbang kepada
pembaziran yang ketara terutama dalam kos operasi seharian masjid tersebut.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiSDlEOsd9nw42N4w28Y5foBH_MpOK13Lsuxae3WR5sH4Vi_JN9i6QaS1_FYHHheiV2sMn7Z0NOPICbPTYgZro4-z1iMBN9eZhc37VLZteaHoSucvtsE64nE3xouBzcoAmZE-pCyekFNU/s1600/Gambar+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiSDlEOsd9nw42N4w28Y5foBH_MpOK13Lsuxae3WR5sH4Vi_JN9i6QaS1_FYHHheiV2sMn7Z0NOPICbPTYgZro4-z1iMBN9eZhc37VLZteaHoSucvtsE64nE3xouBzcoAmZE-pCyekFNU/s640/Gambar+2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Masjid Quba merupakan masjid pertama yang
dibina oleh Rasulullah S.A.W. pada 8 Rabiul Awwal 1 Hijrah. Masjid ini
didirikan tanpa menara (minaret) dan sangat sederhana pembinaannya. Ianya dibina
atas dasar ketakwaan seperti Firman Allah S.W.T pada Ayat 108 Surah At-Taubah
yang bermaksud:</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
“<i><span lang="MS">Janganlah kamu bersembahyang dalam masjid itu
selama-lamanya. Sesungguhnya masjid yang didirikan atas dasar takwa (Masjid
Quba), sejak hari pertama adalah lebih patut kamu solat di dalamnya. Di
dalamnya masjid itu ada orang-orang yang ingin membersihkan diri. Dan
sesungguhnya Allah menyukai orang-orang yang bersih</span></i><span lang="MS">.”</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Jelaslah
masjid sebenarnya dibina untuk manusia membersihkan diri - fizikal dan
spiritual (jiwa). Kesenibinaan memainkan peranan yang penting dalam membantu
manusia menikmati proses pembersihan jiwa tersebut. Persoalannya; yang mana
satukah senibina masjid yang lebih memberi kesan kepada pembersihan jiwa?
Diantara masjid mewah yang tersergam indah dan masjid sederhana yang penuh
dengan elemen perhubungan dengan alam sekeliling? Yang mana satu melambangkan
ketakwaan?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="MS">1.5</span></b><span lang="MS"> <b>Masjid Negara Sebagai Model Masjid Lestari</b></span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span lang="MS"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Masjid
Negara, Kuala Lumpur merupakan satu-satunya masjid bertaraf ikonik yang boleh
dijadikan model contoh senibina masjid di rantau ini. Siap dibina pada tahun
1963, masjid ini mempunyai reka bentuk yang sederhana malah penuh dengan
ciri-ciri kelestarian pasif seperti penerapan elemen pengudaraan dan
pencahayaan semulajadi yang sangat baik. Masjid ini juga mempunyai ketulenan
identiti yang melambangkan keberadaannya di tengah-tengah kotaraya di sebuah
negara Nusantara. Mempraktikkan tiga (3) elemen alam yang asas iaitu udara, air
dan cahaya menjadikan masjid ini satu binaan yang mapan dari perubahan iklim
semasa dan pemanasan global (<i>global warming</i>). Tiga (3) elemen tersebut
diintegrasikan menggunakan beberapa komponen seperti panel dinding tembus
bercorak geometri yang dapat membantu membawa pengudaraan dan pencahayaan ke
dalam ruang solat selain elemen air dan <i>courtyard </i>yang dapat
menyejukkan keseluruhan ruang solat. Kemasan yang bersifat setempat seperti
jubin <i>granite</i> juga dapat membantu menyejukkan suhu permukaan
lantai.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="MS">Darisegi
bentuk (<i>form</i>) binaan pula, masjid ini dipecahkan kepada beberapa zon
yang berbentuk <i>linear</i> tidak seperti masjid-masjid ikonik yang
lain yang dibina <i>bulky </i>dan padat. Konsep ini membantu
meningkatkan kualiti pengudaraan dan pencahayaan yang baik. Hanya di sebahagian
kecil ruang masjid iaitu dewan solat utama yang telah ditukar menjadi ruang
berpenyaman udara, namun sebahagian besarnya masih mengekalkan konsep
asal. Tidak hairanlah masjid ini sering dikunjungi oleh pelancong luar dan
dalam negara kerana keunikannya yang tidak dapat ditemui di tempat lain.
Seharusnya masjid-masjid di Malaysia menerapkan pendekatan yang sama seperti
Masjid Negara.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="MS"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="MS">1.6</span></b><span lang="MS"> <b>Kesimpulan dan Perbincangan</b></span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="MS"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="MS">Menurut
Shah et al. (2014), evolusi senibina masjid di Malaysia terbahagi kepada tiga
(3) peringkat utama iaitu peringkat <i>Morphology</i>, peringkat <i>Technology</i> dan
peringkat <i>Design Articulation</i>. Peringkat <i>Morphology </i>mencerminkan
reka bentuk yang mengutamakan susunan ruang asas dan bentuk bumbung. Contoh
terbaik peringkat ini ialah Masjid Tengkera, Masjid Kampung Laut dan Masjid
Pengkalan Kakap yang dibina diantara tahun 1700 – 1800. Bagi peringkat 2 iaitu <i>Technology</i> pula
contoh terbaik adalah Masjid Jamek Kuala Lumpur, Masjid Kapitan Keling, Masjid
Ubudiah dan Masjid Sultan Ibrahim yang dibina sekitar 1900 – 1950. Peringkat
ini masjid-masjid dibina dengan memberi penekanan kepada bahan binaan bangunan
dan kaedah pembinaan. Dan akhir sekali peringkat 3, <i>Design Articulation </i>yang
sesuai digambarkan seperti Masjid Negara Kuala Lumpur, Masjid Putra dan Masjid
Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin yang dibina dari 1960 sehingga 2010. Peringkat ini
memberi keutamaan reka bentuk yang mencerminkan bahasa perhiasan (<i>decorative</i>)
dan impak visual.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span lang="MS"><br /></span>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghhKI00FBqNAbPxWk7vKCuM7haMzCVavgHuIWPu4_vULYTSrzMKEYddezzpS5atmrFPDjJdS6LXANXpbPGDJkMxho2xE-mD1ic_m2WJ7h-yb-zzcZnwtCpYEoFHhTXnz99LacaHLgdI7k/s1600/Gambar+4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><img border="0" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghhKI00FBqNAbPxWk7vKCuM7haMzCVavgHuIWPu4_vULYTSrzMKEYddezzpS5atmrFPDjJdS6LXANXpbPGDJkMxho2xE-mD1ic_m2WJ7h-yb-zzcZnwtCpYEoFHhTXnz99LacaHLgdI7k/s640/Gambar+4.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Jadi,
dimanakah evolusi ini akan berkembang? Adakah ianya akan kembali ke sebuah
masjid yang mementingkan fungsi dalam pembersihan jiwa atau semakin jauh
menjadi sebuah masjid yang mementingkan impak visual semata-mata? Konsep
kesederhanaan dan kelestarian dapat dilihat dengan jelas pada peringkat 1,
masjid dibina berlandaskan perhubungan diantara manusia dan Pencipta Alam.
Namun tren semasa yang dapat dilihat, terutama kepada masjid-masjid ikonik yang
dibina, konsep kesederhanaan dan kelestarian semakin pudar dan dipinggirkan.
Jadi, untuk menghasilkan sebuah masjid moden yang mengekalkan elemen interaksi
alam sekeliling adalah tidak mustahil. Oleh itu, bagi mengembalikan tujuan asal
masjid, setiap yang terlibat dalam proses pembinaan sesebuah masjid harus
memahami tujuan asal dan fungsi utama masjid itu sendiri sebagai sebuah rumah
ibadat untuk membersihkan diri fizikal dan spritual. Kemewahan dan kecantikan
bukanlah matlamat sebenar.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="MS"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="MS">1.7</span></b><span lang="MS"> <b>Bahan
Rujukan</b></span></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Aflaki, A., Mahyuddin, N., Al-Cheikh Mahmoud,
Z., & Baharum, M. R. (2015)</b>. A review on natural ventilation
applications through building fa??ade components and ventilation openings in
tropical climates. <i>Energy and Buildings</i>, <i>101</i>, 153–162.
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.033</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Fung, Y. W., & Lee, W. L. (2014)</b>.
Identifying the most influential parameter affecting natural ventilation
performance in high-rise high-density residential buildings. <i>Indoor and
Built Environment </i>, <i>24</i>(6), 803–812.
http://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X14536189</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Hussin, A., Salleh, E., Chan, H. Y., &
Mat, S. (2014)</b>. Thermal Comfort during daily prayer times in an Air-Conditioned
Mosque in Malaysia. <i>Proceedings of 8th Windsor Conference: Counting the
Cost of Comfort in a Changing World</i>, (April), 10–13.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Imriyanti. (2013)</b>. Mosque Architecture as a
Sustainable Building in Urban ( Case Study : Al Markas Al Islamic Mosque
Makassar ). <i>Journal of Islamic Architecture</i>, <i>2</i>(4).</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Mohd Sahabuddin, M. F., &
Gonzalez-Longo, C. (2015)</b>. Traditional values and their adaptation in social
housing design: Towards a new typology and establishment of “Air House”
standard in Malaysia. <i>Archnet-IJAR</i>, <i>9</i>(2), 31–44.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Ocak, Y., Kiliçvuran, A., Eren, A. B.,
Sofuoglu, A., & Sofuoglu, S. C. (2012)</b>. Exposure to particulate matter
in a mosque. <i>Atmospheric Environment</i>, <i>56</i>(September),
169–176. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.007</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="MS"><b>Shah, M. A., Arbi, E., & Inangda, N.
(2014)</b>. Transformation of Mosque Architecture in Malaysia : <i>Proceeding
of the International Conference on Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization
iCasic 2014</i>, <i>2014</i>(March), 54–64.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-3110272694628434972016-05-11T00:08:00.001-07:002016-05-11T01:32:32.277-07:00RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU : ANTARA SENI, SAINS KUNO & REALITI<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
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<b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU : ANTARA SENI,
SAINS KUNO & REALITI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Oleh: Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PENGENALAN<o:p></o:p></span></u><br />
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></u>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rumah
Tradisional Melayu merupakan antara senibina terawal yang didirikan di Gugusan
Kepulauan Nusantara (<i>Malay Archipelago</i>). Ia telah melalui proses
transformasi sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu. Kesenian pertukangannya disampaikan
secara turun temurun dari generasi ke generasi. Sehingga kini jejak rumah-rumah
tradisional ini masih dapat dilihat dan dikesan di seluruh nusantara samada
secara fizikal ataupun yang telah menjadi sebahagian artifak sejarah yang
didokumentasikan oleh pelbagai organisasi kerajaan atau swasta dan badan-badan
warisan. Kesenian rumah-rumah tradisional ini adalah sangat unik kerana ia
mewakili setiap pecahan etnik Alam Melayu yang terdapat di gugusan kepulauan
ini. Namun, sifat fizikal yang dibina mengunakan bahan binaan ringan dari
sumber setempat seperti kayu-kayan, buluh, rotan, mengkuang, daun nipah dan
sebagainya tidak memungkinkan rumah-rumah ini wujud sehingga ribuan tahun
lamanya. Sehingga kini di Malaysia, rumah tertua yang pernah didokumentasikan
oleh Pusat Kajian Alam Bina Dunia Melayu (KALAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
ialah Rumah Datuk Baginda Tan Mas Mohar yang terletak di Negeri Sembilan dan
dibina sekitar tahun 1850. Kesenian pertukangan rumah-rumah tradisional ini adalah
sangat tinggi iaitu merangkumi tiga (3) cabang kesenian iaitu; kesenian
susunatur ruang, kesenian kaedah pembinaan dan kesenian adaptasi komponen
binaan terhadap iklim setempat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KESENIAN SUSUNATUR
RUANG<o:p></o:p></span></u><br />
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></u>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Yang dimaksudkan dengan kesenian
susunatur ruang ialah, perancangan susunatur yang menterjemah sosio budaya
masyarakat Melayu. Sebagai contoh; kedudukan ‘serambi’ yang diletakkan di hadapan
sekali sebagai ruang umum menyambut tetamu diikuti dengan rumah ibu sebagai
ruang utama kekeluargaan dan keraian, adalah menepati keperluan budaya
masyarakat melayu yang mengutamakan layanan terhadap tetamu dan dalam masa yang
sama menjaga tahap privasi ahli keluarga mengikut hukum Agama Islam. Bagi rumah
Melayu yang mempunyai susunatur jenis berkembang (<i>expanded form</i>)
perletakkan selang sebagai jambatan penghubung diantara rumah ibu dan dapur adalah
berperanan sebagai pintu masuk bagi kaum wanita ketika persiapan kenduri-kendara
sedang giat dilakukan. Bilik di dalam rumah tradisional Melayu pula dibina
dalam keadaan boleh ditambah dan dikurangkan mengikut keperluan dan jumlah ahli
keluarga. Kolong misalannya berperanan sebagai ruang serbaguna bagi aktiviti
kenduri-kendara, aktiviti harian seperti stor simpanan peralatan dan hasil
penuaian. Manakala di musim tengkujuh yang selalunya berlarutan sehingga
berminggu-minggu, kolong merupakan tempat penting bagi tujuan pengeringan
pakaian dan juga tempat pembaikan jala bagi nelayan yang tidak dapat turun ke
laut. Ternyata susunatur ruang di dalam rumah tradisional Melayu adalah
merupakan refleksi ke atas cara hidup dan budaya masyarakat Melayu itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KESENIAN
KAEDAH PEMBINAAN<o:p></o:p></span></u><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Kesenian kaedah pembinaan tradisional
pula berkisar bagaimana sesebuah rumah tradisional itu didirikan dengan menggunakan
sumber sedia ada di kawasan sekeliling. Rumah-rumah ini juga mempraktikkan
kaedah pembinaan lama yang tidak menggunakan paku melainkan pasak dan tanggam
bagi menguatkan dan mengukuhkan binaan tersebut. Secara asasnya rumah melayu
didirikan dengan menaikkan struktur tiang utama yang dipanggil ‘tiang seri’
terlebih dahulu. Ini diikuti dengan pemasangan ‘rasuk panjang’ dan ‘rasuk
pendek’ bagi mengikat kedudukan ‘tiang seri’ kepada tiang-tiang sokongan yang
lain. Peringkat ketiga ialah, perletakkan lantai sementara bagi kegunaan
kerja-kerja pemasangan ‘alang panjang’ dan ‘alang pendek’ sebelum diikuti
dengan ‘tunjuk langit’, ‘alang muda’ dan ‘tulang bumbung’. Peringkat keempat ialah
pemasangan komponen bumbung dengan perletakkan ‘kasau jantan’ dan ‘kasau
betina’ disusuli dengan pemasangan ‘atap’ dan ‘tebar layar’. Akhir sekali, kayu
lantai dipasang diikuti dengan kayu dinding, tingkap, jendela, pintu serta komponen
perhiasan fasad yang lain. Boleh disimpulkan di sini, kaedah pemasangan rumah
tradisional Melayu adalah pelopor terawal kepada konsep ‘Sistem Binaan
Berindustri’ (<i>Industrialised Building System - IBS</i>) di dunia. Ianya
lebih mapan dan lestari berbanding binaan moden yang lain kerana mampu
mengatasi masalah banjir besar yang sering melanda rantau ini pada musim
tengkujuh. Selain itu rumah tradisonal ini juga boleh dibongkar (<i>dismantle</i>),
dipasang semula (<i>reassemble</i>) dan dipindahkan (<i>relocate</i>) samada
secara ‘buka dan pasang’ atau diangkat keseluruhannya secara bergotong-royong
ke lokasi yang baru. Inilah antara kelebihan kaedah pembinaan tradisional yang
menggunakan bahan binaan ringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KESENIAN ADAPTASI
KOMPONEN BINAAN TERHADAP IKLIM SETEMPAT<o:p></o:p></span></u><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Selain daripada komponen struktur
yang dinyatakan sebelum ini, Rumah Tradisional Melayu mempunyai tiga (3)
komponen utama iaitu ‘lantai tinggi’ (<i>raised floor</i>), ‘dinding dan
bukaan’ (<i>walls and openings</i>) serta ‘bumbung cerun bertingkat’ (<i>doubled
slope roof</i>). Keunikan rumah tradisional adalah ianya menggunakan lantai
tinggi bertiang. Inilah ciri utama binaan tradisional yang memberi manfaat
kepada penghuni bagi mengekalkan keselesaan terma dalaman dan keselamatan
daripada bahaya binatang buas dan berbisa. Dari sudut sains bangunan pula, binaan
lantai tinggi mampu mempromosi pergerakkan angin (<i>air velocity</i>) di bawah
lantai tersebut. Dengan penggunaan kayu lantai jarang (<i>timber gapped floor</i>),
angin yang lalu di bawah lantai rumah akan memasuki ruang dalaman bagi membantu
proses penukaran dan peredaran udara. Satu kajian yang dilakukan oleh Hanafi
(1994) menyatakan bahawa keadaan tanah yang lembab dan basah di rantau ini
memerlukan pencahayaan yang mencukupi bagi mengeringkannya. Selain daripada
itu, musim tengkujuh tidak hanya membasahkan tanah malah banjir kadang kala
berlaku. Oleh itu kaedah lantai tinggi adalah sangat sesuai untuk iklim di rantau
ini. Beberapa kajian lain telah menemukan perbezaan ketinggian lantai rumah
tradisional di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kajian tersebut menyatakan bahawa ketinggian
lantai rumah tradisonal di Utara Semenanjung adalah lebih tinggi berbanding
ketinggian lantai rumah tradisional di bahagian Selatan Semenanjung. Ternyata penemuan
tersebut mempunyai asas memandangkan kejadian banjir besar sering berlaku di bahagian
Utara Semenanjung Malaysia berbanding Selatan. Adakah ianya kebetulan? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Komponen seterusnya ialah ‘dinding
dan bukaan’. Pada fasad rumah tradisional Melayu, jumlah bukaan atau jendela
adalah banyak dan menyeluruh iaitu dari paras lantai sehingga hampir ke siling
rumah (<i>full-length window</i>). Ketinggian bukaan ini adalah sangat sesuai
kerana ianya berada pada paras badan penghuni (<i>at body level</i>). Hassan
dan Ramli (2010) merumuskan bahawa faktor keluasan bukaan dengan jumlah tingkap
yang banyak beserta ukiran tembus (<i>ornamentation</i>) di atas tingkap di
setiap muka fasad mampu meningkatkan peredaran udara yang merentas rumah
tersebut (<i>cross ventilation</i>). Situasi ini mampu mengaktifkan proses
peredaran udara sejuk bagi menyalur keluar udara panas di dalam rumah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Komponen terakhir adalah ‘bumbung
cerun bertingkat’ (<i>doubled pitch roof</i>) yang berfungsi bagi menyalurkan
udara panas keluar melalui rongga di antara bumbung atas dan bawah. Rongga ini
membantu membenarkan peredaran udara panas keluar yang terperangkap di ruang
dalam bumbung melalui kaedah ‘kesan timbunan’ (<i>stack effect</i>). Manakala penggunaan
bahan binaan ringan seperti ‘atap nipah’ membantu menyejukkan bahagian atas
bumbung kerana ‘atap nipah’ mempunyai kapasiti terma yang rendah. Bahan ini
tidak menyimpan haba dan menyejuk serta merta apabila hari semakin redup.
Diantara ciri reka bentuk bumbung Rumah Tradisional Melayu yang responsif
terhadap iklim setempat ialah penggunaan ‘tebar layar’ yang berongga. Seperti ‘bumbung
cerun bertingkat’, ‘tebar layar berongga’ juga berfungsi untuk membenarkan
pengudaraan yang baik bagi bahagian atas rumah. Selain itu, unjuran bumbung
rumah tradisional yang panjang membantu melindungi fasad rumah serta tingkap
daripada pancaran terik matahari dan tempias air hujan yang lebat. Perlindungan
yang diberikan oleh unjuran bumbung ini membolehkan tingkap dan bukaan sentiasa
dibuka walau dalam keadaan hujan lebat dan panas terik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">REALITI
PERUMAHAN DI MALAYSIA<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Apabila dilihat kepada senario
semasa perkembangan projek-projek perumahan di seluruh Malaysia. Boleh
dikatakan tiada satupun konsep perumahan yang mampu menandingi ‘sains kuno’
konsep Rumah Tradisional Melayu. Kelemahan dari segi susunatur ruang yang tidak
menjaga privasi penghuni, bahan binaan yang mempunyai kapasiti terma yang
tinggi dan elemen-elemen pada fasad yang tidak responsif kepada iklim di
Malaysia menampakkan ianya tidak sesuai berada di sebuah negara beriklim
tropika. Dimanakan peranan Arkitek dalam menangani hal ini? Seharusnya nilai
hartanah yang dilaburkan oleh pembeli-pembeli perlu ditandingi dengan kualiti produk
yang tinggi yang memberi keselesaan kepada penghuni. Pelajarilah dari generasi
terdahulu kerana mereka mampu menghasilkan produk yang lebih baik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-64902125229992266082016-05-03T00:24:00.000-07:002016-05-03T00:33:38.255-07:00Proses Pembinaan 'Mahligai Ummi' @ Sijangkang (Bahagian 2)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Diatas adalah merupakan pelan asal rumah ibu. Pelan ini direka oleh tukang kayu yang diupah oleh arwah bapa tiri penulis pada tahun 1998 dahulu. 3 buah bilik disusun selari dengan bilik air dan tandas berasingan. Ruang tamu yang sangat luas dan ruang makan ditengah-tengah. Dapur adalah sangat kecil dan tidak selesa akibat pengudaraan yang tidak sempurna. Lihat sahaja jumlah tingkap yang disediakan, amat kurang dan tidak mencukupi. Berikut adalah diantara masalah susunan ruang yang dapat penulis kesan dan perlu diperbaiki untuk rumah baru nanti.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN0mSC7BSOBg-OQ6R4putrh4-pNvjdnGYhjgkF5x48BFTwMAAi2zE8t7tYCKz998d-dH1Mt8XtduMWVs2uOCq7Gk4mQQVHL1MVLgkyjyWwFs83uG_DouCNzhfNF3QM2jUC0MKhESZCrCw/s1600/New+Plan.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="443" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN0mSC7BSOBg-OQ6R4putrh4-pNvjdnGYhjgkF5x48BFTwMAAi2zE8t7tYCKz998d-dH1Mt8XtduMWVs2uOCq7Gk4mQQVHL1MVLgkyjyWwFs83uG_DouCNzhfNF3QM2jUC0MKhESZCrCw/s640/New+Plan.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Ini adalah pelan rumah ibu yang baru yang dapat penulis hasilkan dengan kos yang diperuntukkan. Secara asasnya, pelan baru ini menggunakan saiz pelan yang sama dengan pelan asal hanya penambahan sedikit dibahagian anjung kereta dibuat. Selebihnya adalah perubahan secara dalaman namun grid yang lama masih dikekalkan. Diantara perubahan yang ketara ialah saiz dapur yang telah diperbesarkan hampir 3 kali ganda, pengecilan bilik 3 bagi memberi ruang kepada pelebaran dapur, bilik air lengkap ditambah menjadi 2 dengan tandas duduk setiap satu. Selain itu, jumlah tingkap juga telah ditambah dan menggunakan tingkap jenis ram kaca 'naco' berserta blok pengudaraan (vent block) di atas setiap tingkap untuk pengudaraan. Perubahan yang dibuat adalah sangat asas tetapi praktikal. Konsep rekabentuk adalah sederhana dan tidak membazir dengan penggunaan sebanyak mungkin komponen asal yang ada. Pencahayaan siang yang optimum - tidak memerlukan lampu sepenuhnya pada waktu siang. Kos dianggarkan untuk proses transformasi ini adalah sebanyak RM60,000.<br />
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Berikut adalah diagram pemasangan peralatan elektrik bagi tumah ini. Sebelum ini, rumah ini hanya mempunyai satu sahaja kipas siling di ruang tamu. Jumlah soket yang terhad dan kedudukan suis lampu yang tidak sesuai. Untuk rumah yang berkonsepkan '<b>Air House</b>' ianya memerlukan kipas siling yang banyak bagi mengalirkan udara di dalam rumah dan mempromosi pertukaran udara panas dan sejuk. Jumlah lampu kalimantang yang banyak bakal menjadikan rumah ini sebuah rumah yang terang dan ceria. Insha Allah.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc5vU1iWSatr7xID_pggjr8tsUGvRLFnAXDXs3hcwXDD917TptyjFgjN-hBIM8sim_eJTCWmOASD83c4-HPNzXsNcTnwDRjK4Dm3NZusH-eYt4KPa9KZchZ2FT_GGml9D4fDRkhvdNMfs/s1600/Tampak+Depan+Blkg.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="443" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc5vU1iWSatr7xID_pggjr8tsUGvRLFnAXDXs3hcwXDD917TptyjFgjN-hBIM8sim_eJTCWmOASD83c4-HPNzXsNcTnwDRjK4Dm3NZusH-eYt4KPa9KZchZ2FT_GGml9D4fDRkhvdNMfs/s640/Tampak+Depan+Blkg.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
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Diatas adalah diantara pemandangan tampak depan, belakang, kiri dan kanan rumah ini. Nampak ringkas tetapi praktikal dan efisyen. Ianya mudah dibina dan menarik namun yang penting ianya selesa didiami. Inilah langkah pertama dalam merealisasikan rumah ibu ini. Rekabentuk baru perlu dikeluarkan bagi mendapatkan anggaran kos, agar bajet yang diperuntukkan mencukupi bagi mengelakkan pembaziran.</div>
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Oleh Firrbudi aka LensahijauDr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-6580691547453854192016-05-02T23:41:00.001-07:002016-05-02T23:46:33.887-07:00Proses Pembinaan 'Mahligai Ummi' @ Sijangkang (Bahagian 1)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Inilah rumah ibu penulis yang terletak di Kg. Medan, Batu 9, Sijangkang. Rumah ini berusia hampir 20 tahun, diduduki oleh ibu penulis pada awal tahun 2000 yang lalu. Sebelum itu ianya disewakan kepada beberapa orang penyewa. Rumah ini dibina menggunakan kaedah lama iaitu separuh batu dan separuh kayu dengan bumbung asbestos berstrukturkan kayu meranti. Setelah hampir 16 tahun mendiami rumah ini, satu persatu komponen-komponen rumah ini dimakan anai-anai dan mereput. Bumbung asbestos yang mudah pecah menambah keuzuran dengan hampir di kebanyakan tempat pada siling papan lapis yang mereput akibat terkena air hujan dari kebocoran bumbung. Dinding dan tiang yang luarnya kelihatan elok mula menampakkan kerapuhan akibat dimamah anai-anai. Satu persatu dinding, tiang, siling dan bumbung jatuh rebah menyembah bumi. Hanya satu istilah yang dapat diungkapkan - rumah ini telah sangat uzur.</div>
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Setelah sekian lama penulis menerima rungutan dari ibu akan kerisauannya tentang keadaan rumah yang uzur itu. Ibu mencongak kos pembinaan pemulihan dan penulis rasakan lebih baik rumah ini dibina semula menggunakan pelan asal kerana pemulihan pun memerlukan kos yang tinggi dan belum tentu ianya pulih 100%. Penulis seakan tahu yang tahun 2016 ini mungkin penulis akan berhijrah dalam mengembara mencari ilmu sekali lagi. Dan bulan Ramadhan yang semakin hampir seharusnya niat untuk melihat sebuah rumah yang sempurna untuk ibu perlu harus dipercepatkan. Penulis berazam dalam tahun 2016 ini sebolehnya ingin membantu merealisasikan impian ibu ini.</div>
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Rumah ini dibina dengan kos sebanyak RM10,000 sahaja, dengan kos sebanyak itu semestinya banyak kekurangan yang ada. Disebalik masalah pembinaan, rumah ini juga tidak mempunyai jumlah tingkap yang mencukupi. Ianya agak gelap di waktu siang. Selain itu, rumah ini tidak mempunyai rongga pengudaraan yang akan mengakibatkan suhu didalam rumah menjadi sangat panas pada waktu puncak tengahari. Penulis sedar akan masalah ini sejak dari dulu lagi namun apakan daya penulis tidak mampu berbuat apa-apa. Setelah 16 tahun diduduki penulis meyakinkan ibu untuk merobohkan rumah ini dan membina sebuah rumah yang baru diatas tapak yang sama. Akhirnya ibu bersedia untuk proses transformasi tersebut. Maka penulis dengan kemampuan yang ada, berjanji akan membantu sepenuh hati dalam merealisasikan impian ibu tersebut. Insha Allah sebelum Ramadhan 2016, sebuah rumah baru untuk ibu bakal terbina. Amin.</div>
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Oleh Firrbudi aka Lensahijau</div>
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Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-52534360563176055292016-04-27T20:54:00.003-07:002016-06-20T18:22:42.466-07:00Karya Inovasi oleh 'SANGIT SELAMAT' (Innovation Works by 'SANGIT SELAMAT')<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi0eJfBJYl-40Am5UoAS7QevzN8G50WVWphzTs9aWGv1OeE3yC9ooNOmrek7TtwkXzDhUZe1c4rJPToPWbrOvVfHp8Ah8Hd89Y2eFWr0D4TiOZBGXRVnh1FsQUsW4EIiPQb13o3RnBHNY/s1600/tok-bibliogrfi.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhi0eJfBJYl-40Am5UoAS7QevzN8G50WVWphzTs9aWGv1OeE3yC9ooNOmrek7TtwkXzDhUZe1c4rJPToPWbrOvVfHp8Ah8Hd89Y2eFWr0D4TiOZBGXRVnh1FsQUsW4EIiPQb13o3RnBHNY/s400/tok-bibliogrfi.gif" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Karya Inovasi oleh 'SANGIT SELAMAT'</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Innovation Works by 'SANGIT SELAMAT')</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kereta Sorong Kayu (A wooden wheelbarrow)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sistem Penuaian Air Hujan (Rain Water Harvesting System)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kereta Sorong Serba Guna (Multi Purpose Wheelbarrow)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tombol Pintu (Door Knob)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bukaan Cahaya Langit (Skylight)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8dYXJ0m_CEYpRrgJ8L0GopuoGoFdV9ISUFYW7qSx0x_dcA8NUdnPQYVbGck6_Fpm2_Z2Ohv4ayXaVINA48lNnbGXM9D3tisRzcW1nZPbzgo5nRXx7_exQzrh0KTPhRYZZlvkxn-XOerw/s1600/Atok%2527s+%25236.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8dYXJ0m_CEYpRrgJ8L0GopuoGoFdV9ISUFYW7qSx0x_dcA8NUdnPQYVbGck6_Fpm2_Z2Ohv4ayXaVINA48lNnbGXM9D3tisRzcW1nZPbzgo5nRXx7_exQzrh0KTPhRYZZlvkxn-XOerw/s400/Atok%2527s+%25236.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kekisi Tingkap (Window Grill)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rehal Berdiri (Standing 'Rehal' for Reading Purposes)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Peti Surat (Post Box)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mercun Kitar Semula (Recyclable Firework)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7XIc3Q2_h4-onxGYJyPmG6wdLm28ty7nkGxGSph-_cTvYyCQCgDouZPRJ781JG6zkkmpYKGipMWOXDApGbobF-eiRxh8VLKYp8GXXV0ROiFTFW7trWRroruwC4K_2ksSrWNmRyeNLBI8/s1600/Atok%2527s+%25239.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7XIc3Q2_h4-onxGYJyPmG6wdLm28ty7nkGxGSph-_cTvYyCQCgDouZPRJ781JG6zkkmpYKGipMWOXDApGbobF-eiRxh8VLKYp8GXXV0ROiFTFW7trWRroruwC4K_2ksSrWNmRyeNLBI8/s400/Atok%2527s+%25239.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kerusi Roda (Wheelchair)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100% Recycled Materials</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgarb3NoQRSGUANGuWfN2kr6mBi6r1jOGQ1jc0k14Wb7FEOeE-uC_qtM3DPey5oDVS5IIML4zYdHxtwDlru634SabY9-KKn68-shMElTvDo9rggFn_bgjgLBBaJ2KIBj1Xcl0wGs0VnARk/s1600/Atok%2527s+%25239b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgarb3NoQRSGUANGuWfN2kr6mBi6r1jOGQ1jc0k14Wb7FEOeE-uC_qtM3DPey5oDVS5IIML4zYdHxtwDlru634SabY9-KKn68-shMElTvDo9rggFn_bgjgLBBaJ2KIBj1Xcl0wGs0VnARk/s400/Atok%2527s+%25239b.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM81JJ5yukGHFkIvlz2LcXMMGL3M1f_Olx4IiIXym4NVAqpZ2w2BtuhgfMhtVMg4hL8nJA1PLC9MvWkvHunpMMuW0l3rB9FBSae4Qz1iZvfrxFCVwRgUDTOxw6bkEze_1oWJABLmfZzmc/s1600/Atok%2527s+%25239c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM81JJ5yukGHFkIvlz2LcXMMGL3M1f_Olx4IiIXym4NVAqpZ2w2BtuhgfMhtVMg4hL8nJA1PLC9MvWkvHunpMMuW0l3rB9FBSae4Qz1iZvfrxFCVwRgUDTOxw6bkEze_1oWJABLmfZzmc/s400/Atok%2527s+%25239c.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwy9WIO_oOgk4TJYx2jK7vAP3tQPvd9vUeW0I9fb2XmBkqwp8vPpOBgacAGFAMst9589j4FG-mOQIJt0aqG35jP92_049dDx4fCdjYXSsFS5zTXR07l8vDweQLOMOAYuk8TuxnRqr6hZE/s1600/Rumah+Otok.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwy9WIO_oOgk4TJYx2jK7vAP3tQPvd9vUeW0I9fb2XmBkqwp8vPpOBgacAGFAMst9589j4FG-mOQIJt0aqG35jP92_049dDx4fCdjYXSsFS5zTXR07l8vDweQLOMOAYuk8TuxnRqr6hZE/s640/Rumah+Otok.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Inilah ketua penyelidik yang telah menghasilkan berpuluh-puluh hasil karya inovasi. Apa yang dipaparkan di sini hanyalah sebahagian kecil hasil kerja yang masih wujud dan boleh dilihat sehingga kini. Karya inovasi beliau tidak hanya berkisar berkaitan pertukangan kayu malah menjangkau kepada peralatan elektrik pelbagai guna yang telah rosak dan dimusnahkan. Salah satu peralatan elektrik ciptaan beliau yang masih segar dalam ingatan penulis adalah 'Lampu Belajar Berkipas' khas digunakan ketika bekalan elektrik terputus. Ianya sangat membantu penulis untuk menyiapkan kerja-kerja sekolah diwaktu ketiadaan bekalan kuasa elektrik. Peralatan tersebut dijana menggunakan bateri kereta dan diperbuat daripada bahan-bahan terbuang sepenuhnya seperti lampu suluh, mentol kereta, motor radio tape dan lain-lain lagi.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Moral: Untuk menjadi kreatif bukan bererti memerlukan pendidikan yang tinggi, tetapi cukup berbekalkan dengan idea yang kreatif dan berfikir secara kreatif bagi merealisasikan idea kreatif tersebut.</span><br />
<i style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></i>
<i style="background-color: white;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(This is the lead researcher who
has produced dozens of works of innovation. What is shown here are just a small
part of the works that still exist and can be seen up to now. His works were not
only about innovation related to carpentry, but electrical appliances that were
damaged and destroyed. One of his creations of electrical equipment that is still fresh in the writer’s memory was a ‘study lamp with fan' typically
used during an outage. It really helped me to complete my school work during
the absence of electrical power supply. The equipment was powered using a car
battery and was made of fully recyclable materials such as flashlight, car bulb,
motor tape radio and many others. </span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Moral:
To be creative does not mean that higher education is needed, but enough
with </span></i><i><span lang="EN" style="color: #212121; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">creative ideas and creative thinking in order to realize it.)</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Firrbudi aka Lensahijau : 28 April 2016</span></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-43716575126419581872016-04-21T01:59:00.002-07:002016-04-21T02:00:27.326-07:00Broga Hill, Semenyih, Malaysia<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh6O1RDxQA4K3TDGSwDgbMtzBXwXu0mL9AAMdJ9aABMwsrx5LgjrqyHL60u193jKO_6wD05mSuBAB3BslkaMcZzvFIgGm1veuigics66EO6p1qvpWaa3G5h5h9UWGIbMPwDxjT7pyF130/s1600/IMG_20160213_085931.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh6O1RDxQA4K3TDGSwDgbMtzBXwXu0mL9AAMdJ9aABMwsrx5LgjrqyHL60u193jKO_6wD05mSuBAB3BslkaMcZzvFIgGm1veuigics66EO6p1qvpWaa3G5h5h9UWGIbMPwDxjT7pyF130/s640/IMG_20160213_085931.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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by Firrbudi aka Lensahijau @ Broga HillDr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-55522294225447481522016-04-13T00:54:00.003-07:002016-04-21T02:00:17.582-07:00UK Key Facts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4VgZtcS9gmQmoIu3sufEZ8GFXJ80tx-9hHqlmAT0tmVw6SYKeYyY9irkCaVxw5Kj1aowtwsjig_4YQ_S40BFsneKgbEl6OsH-5IcNOhs95PtmPPkKR8zesZ3A2iMbbgRL2k8nil3ciI0/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4VgZtcS9gmQmoIu3sufEZ8GFXJ80tx-9hHqlmAT0tmVw6SYKeYyY9irkCaVxw5Kj1aowtwsjig_4YQ_S40BFsneKgbEl6OsH-5IcNOhs95PtmPPkKR8zesZ3A2iMbbgRL2k8nil3ciI0/s640/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjOJFPxFhB1423W1hmel_AiGVoZCpGbxVQDyQHHohG2lR2J_1rB5N5Fl40zmGNQL-4vwArrR523by-PEl2DNQlD6lrWxHHsZyEGxMCJqoGA6G44Dlja997URnhuxFNhumGDksx-oF-6io/s1600/52.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjOJFPxFhB1423W1hmel_AiGVoZCpGbxVQDyQHHohG2lR2J_1rB5N5Fl40zmGNQL-4vwArrR523by-PEl2DNQlD6lrWxHHsZyEGxMCJqoGA6G44Dlja997URnhuxFNhumGDksx-oF-6io/s640/52.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>About the UK:</b> The United Kingdom consists of
England, Wales, Scotland (which together make up Great Britain) and
Northern Ireland.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Capital cities</b>: The capital city of the UK is London,
which is also the capital of England. For Wales the capital is Cardiff,
for Scotland it is Edinburgh, and for Northern Ireland it is Belfast.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Population: </b>The population of the UK is estimated to
be around 63 million (England: 53 million, Scotland: 5.3 million, Wales: 3
million, Northern Ireland: 1.8 million).<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Land area:</b> The UK is close to 95,000 square
miles (245,000 square kilometres), stretching from the Shetland Islands
off the north coast of Scotland, down to the Isles of Scilly in south west
England, and across the sea to Northern Ireland.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/countryside/">Countryside</a>:</b> The UK’s long coastline is around
5,000 miles (8,000 kilometres). The geography ranges from green meadows
and woodland to rugged moorland and mountains. The highest mountain is Ben
Nevis in Scotland at just over 1,340 metres.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/history-and-heritage/">Heritage</a></b>: The UK has a fascinating history dating
back to 6500 BC. All over the UK you’ll find monuments marking its
history, from Stonehenge to Buckingham Palace. The UK is also home to over
28 cultural and natural <a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/gb" target="_blank">UNESCO
World Heritage Sites</a> and Heritage Cities including<a href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/728" target="_blank">Edinburgh</a>, <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/Bath.htm" target="_blank">Bath</a>, <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/Canterbury.htm" target="_blank">Canterbury</a>, <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/Chester.htm" target="_blank">Chester</a>, Durham, <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/Oxford.htm" target="_blank">Oxford</a>, <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/Stratford-upon-Avon.htm" target="_blank">Stratford-upon-Avon</a> and <a href="http://www.visitbritain.com/en/Destinations-and-Maps/History-and-heritage/York.htm" target="_blank">York</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Economy:</b> The UK is one of the world’s leading business locations and
the <a href="https://www.ukti.gov.uk/investintheuk/whytheuk.html" target="_blank">number one destination for inward investment in Europe</a>.
The UK is one of the top ten manufacturers in the world and has the
largest industries in Europe for life sciences, ICT and the creative
industries. Find out more at<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-trade-investment" target="_blank">UK Trade & Investment</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/language-and-accents/">Language</a>:</b> English is spoken throughout the UK,
but there are other official languages too, such as Welsh, Scots and
Gaelic.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/sub/scholarships-and-money/">Money</a>:</b> The currency of the UK is pounds
sterling.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/religion2/">Religion</a>:</b> The main religion in the UK is
Christianity. However, the UK is a multi-faith society where other
religions are widely welcomed and accepted.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Government:</b> The United Kingdom is a parliamentary
democracy – this means the government is elected by the people. There is
a <a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/britain-at-the-polls-guide-to-uk-general-election-2015/">general
election</a> once every five years. The Prime Minister leads the
government with the support of the cabinet and ministers. The UK is a
member of the <a href="http://europa.eu/" target="_blank">European
Union</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
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As well as the central
UK government, there are three ‘devolved administrations’ for <a href="http://home.scotland.gov.uk/home" target="_blank">Scotland</a>,<a href="http://www.wales.gov.uk/" target="_blank">Wales</a> and <a href="http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/" target="_blank">Northern Ireland</a>.
They are responsible for many domestic policy issues such as health, education,
culture, the environment and transport. You can find out more at the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/" target="_blank">gov.uk website</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/" target="_blank">The royal family</a>: </b>The Queen is Head of State in the United
Kingdom. As a constitutional monarch, Her Majesty does not 'rule' the
country, but the royal family fulfils important ceremonial and formal
roles with respect to Government. Find out more at <a href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/" target="_blank">www.royal.gov.uk</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Law: </b>There may be some differences between the
law in your country and the law in the UK. For example, in the UK:<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">You must not use or carry any illegal
drugs, including cannabis, ecstasy, LSD or amphetamines.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It is illegal to carry self-defence CS
gas sprays, guns or stun guns. There are also very strict laws and
penalties around <a href="http://www.gov.uk/find-out-if-i-can-buy-or-carry-a-knife" target="_blank">carrying knives</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">You must be aged 18 or over to buy
tobacco and alcohol.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">You should never buy property that you
think might be stolen, no matter how tempting it seems.<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It is illegal to drive a car without the correct
driving licence and without car insurance. Driving under the influence of
drugs or alcohol is a serious offence. Find out more in this article:<a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/sub/travel-in-the-uk/">Travel in
the UK</a><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">You can find out about UK law at
the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/">gov.uk website</a>.<o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Taken from <a href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/uk-key-facts/">http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/uk-key-facts/ </a></span></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-13077552877338001722016-04-11T20:01:00.000-07:002016-06-29T01:28:05.383-07:00My PhD Journey (Part 3 - Proses Permohonan Biasiswa Komanwel UK / UK Commonwealth Scholarship Application)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij4l4cT5gHm3qyAp5fhLS0VNP6vP53jn5AbCfBVG7LehSg1Mo746F3NY3S80LBaG2tgoegZ2930FdXnZYRnPZXs8qHiPJFBGFXltRbw2_WxTbd9MwC2XYr45iPJ0_GCMBrimCD6Qj_Tr0/s1600/42.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij4l4cT5gHm3qyAp5fhLS0VNP6vP53jn5AbCfBVG7LehSg1Mo746F3NY3S80LBaG2tgoegZ2930FdXnZYRnPZXs8qHiPJFBGFXltRbw2_WxTbd9MwC2XYr45iPJ0_GCMBrimCD6Qj_Tr0/s640/42.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-family: inherit;">Entry ini ditulis khusus untuk membantu insan-insan yang ingin menimba ilmu di UK tetapi tiada sumber kewangan yang kukuh untuk menampung pembelajaran mereka seperti saya. Semestinya pembiayaan adalah faktor terpenting untuk mengembara mengejar ilmu lebih-lebih lagi di luar negara. Kenapa di luar negara? Saranan untuk melata dan mengembara sebenarnya telah disebut di dalam kitab suci Al-Quran seperti ayat-ayat berikut:</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit;">Surah Al-Mulk Ayat 15</span></u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIaIBtsVoLqW2vgVNCSSKolXeGGwOH-58aA70UQdXJjk7pc7Et5ZsTvkYjrsG9XLTk7oLesrkK-DnvCp8NuNqSSnBDfdzEupQQ0f-LiN07gsmc7iJfHzx389Yjw0Cp5behpyolpUe_aM/s1600/al-mulk-15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixIaIBtsVoLqW2vgVNCSSKolXeGGwOH-58aA70UQdXJjk7pc7Et5ZsTvkYjrsG9XLTk7oLesrkK-DnvCp8NuNqSSnBDfdzEupQQ0f-LiN07gsmc7iJfHzx389Yjw0Cp5behpyolpUe_aM/s400/al-mulk-15.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<u><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit;">Surah Anam Ayat 11</span></u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihV8HO0ovcBLqZ-hYMgzqr7lNQqcIg_sFEfKEEE__foBtJvI7EAZvEJtSCi6QUop-dzqyG_0IkzGex-ZC2Nr28fBRD9m0i7eTVnou5m-hCEU8IeXrE1d_UVCLVVS2P87a1PkZ7_3Fc1CA/s1600/Anam-11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihV8HO0ovcBLqZ-hYMgzqr7lNQqcIg_sFEfKEEE__foBtJvI7EAZvEJtSCi6QUop-dzqyG_0IkzGex-ZC2Nr28fBRD9m0i7eTVnou5m-hCEU8IeXrE1d_UVCLVVS2P87a1PkZ7_3Fc1CA/s400/Anam-11.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<u><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit;">Surah Muhammad Ayat 10</span></u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAR7rk_5AAvukFJipk2k72EeR70XSHDN-NGVCLc-ax_u4bM_ge0ayqnsiR__53DjqqbwhdWN_RaJtJaAKv8QRQmRQu1EwpOI5y2lHWRaGnekpH0s_wzEGniCHfk4T3syfGLo17riJu98Y/s1600/Muhammad-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAR7rk_5AAvukFJipk2k72EeR70XSHDN-NGVCLc-ax_u4bM_ge0ayqnsiR__53DjqqbwhdWN_RaJtJaAKv8QRQmRQu1EwpOI5y2lHWRaGnekpH0s_wzEGniCHfk4T3syfGLo17riJu98Y/s400/Muhammad-10.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<u><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit;">Surah Ar-Rum Ayat 42</span></u></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA8rC3wsqi0YCz2e5-HLsDbVrhquRpmjCknOI0RFXHszQLruPAg9_34PCnIiap9zCiynV_9nm6aQUlpiHrgJ-Jv2pAMDESec4bzhGzWgLuPZO3iCKUWYjk387KH-ZHfwuRLHkXgEXSCfg/s1600/rum-42.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA8rC3wsqi0YCz2e5-HLsDbVrhquRpmjCknOI0RFXHszQLruPAg9_34PCnIiap9zCiynV_9nm6aQUlpiHrgJ-Jv2pAMDESec4bzhGzWgLuPZO3iCKUWYjk387KH-ZHfwuRLHkXgEXSCfg/s400/rum-42.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Jelas
disini, Allah menyarankan hambanya melakukan perjalanan, bermusafir dan
mengembara bagi mencari kebenaran tentang ayat-ayat Allah. Mempelajari dari
peristiwa-peristiwa yang telah berlaku keatas umat-umat terdahulu dan
kebinasaan yang ditimpa atas kekufuran yang mereka lakukan. Sebagai petunjuk
dan pengajaran kepada kita agar kita menjadi lebih beriman dan bertaqwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Secara
peribadi, dengan pengalaman yang singkat ketika berkelana di bumi UK pada tahun
2011-2012, saya boleh katakan saya telah menemui manisnya menjadi seorang islam
ditengah-tengah komuniti bukan islam disana. Bagaimana susahnya mencari tempat
untuk bersembahyang, mencari masa yang sesuai untuk bersembahyang dan
meninggalkan hal-hal dunia untuk mengingati Allah ditengah-tengah kesibukan manusia
lain mengejar kenikmatan dunia. Saya merasakan Allah itu sangat hampir dan
sentiasa bersama saya dalam pengembaraan tersebut. Tetapi pengalaman itu tidak
dapat dinikmati sepanjang saya berada di Malaysia kerana disini segalanya mudah
untuk seorang islam mempraktikkan agamanya hingga menjadikan kita melakukan
ibadat secara tidak serius dan sambil lewa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Maka,
saya menyarankan insan-insan yang ingin menguji keimanan, bertaburanlah dan
mengembaralah melihat kebesaran Allah di seluruh pelosok dunia. Dalam erti kata
lain pengembaraan mampu membuka mata dan membuka hati betapa hebatnya ciptaan
Allah S.W.T.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Berbalik
kepada biasiswa komanwel, apakah proses dan dokumen yang diperlukan sebelum
membuat permohonan biasiswa ini? Disini saya akan menceritakan secara ringkas
proses dan dokumen yang perlu disediakan bagi memudahkan urusan permohonan
tersebut. Dokumen-dokumen seperti berikut perlu di 'scan' dan disimpan sebagai
'softcopy':</span></div>
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</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ijazah Pertama atau setaraf (Bagi permohonan Masters)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Transkrip Ijazah Pertama</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ijazah Sarjana atau setaraf (Bagi permohonan PhD)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Transkrip Ijazah Sarjana</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Keputusan IELTS (TOEFL tidak lagi diterima di UK)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;">Senarai Tugas Hakiki</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Bagi
pemohon penjawat awam, p</span><span lang="MS" style="font-family: inherit;">egawai-pegawai yang berminat</span><b style="font-family: inherit;"> </b><span style="font-family: inherit;">hendaklah</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: inherit;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">memenuhi syarat-syarat yang
ditetapkan oleh pihak</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Commanwealth
Scholarships<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;">dan juga
memenuhi syarat-syarat Cuti Belajar yang telah ditetapkan seperti berikut :</span><br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: start;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Berkhidmat
secara tetap;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Pegawai
Kumpulan Pengurusan dan rofesional (Gred 41 ke atas);</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Telah
disahkan dalam skim perkhidmatan semasa pada tarikh tutup permohonan;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Umur
tidak melebihi <b>46 tahun untuk peringkat Sarjana </b>dan tidak
melebihi <b>44 tahun untuk peringkat Doktor Falsafah</b> <b>(PhD) </b>pada
tarikh tutup permohonan;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Mempunyai
penguasaan Bahasa Inggeris yang baik. <b>Markah keseluruhan IELTS tidak
kurang 6.5 bagi peperiksaan yang</b> <b>diambil dalam tempoh yang
ditetapkan</b>;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Mencapai <b>Laporan
Nilaian Prestasi Tahunan (LNPT) purata minimum 85% </b>ke atas bagi tempoh <b>genap
3 tahun kalendar</b> <b>yang terkini berturut-turut</b>;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Tidak
mengikuti <b>kursus pendek </b>di luar negara dalam tempoh <b>satu
tahun </b>kebelakangan atau <b>kursus panjang </b>dalam tempoh <b>dua
tahun </b>kebelakangan. (dikira dari tarikh permohonan);</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Telah
mengisytiharkan harta;</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bersih
daripada pertuduhan/tindakan tatatertib dan bebas daripada dakwaan Mahkamah;
dan</span></li>
<li><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">Tidak tersenarai dalam senarai hitam
peminjam skim pinjaman pelajaran JPA.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Sediakan
juga dokumen-dokumen tambahan seperti borang Borang JPA(L)LDP 1A/96 (diisi
oleh Bahagian Korporat Jabatan) dan <u>JPA(L)LDP 1B/96</u> yang
perlu diisi sendiri oleh pemohon dan disahkan oleh ketua jabatan/cawangan
masing-masing, sebelum itu pastikan anda mendapatkan terlebih dahulu markah
LNPT untuk 3 tahun terkini untuk diisi ke dalam borang tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Biasiswa
komanwel ini ditawarkan kepada negara-negara membangun (Developing Countries)
dan negara maju (Developed Countries). Namun, dalam konteks negara kita,
Malaysia tergolong sebagai negara membangun dan oleh itu terdapat 7 jenis
biasiswa komanwel untuk negara membangun seperti Malaysia iaitu:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/scholarships-developing-cw/" title="Commonwealth Scholarships – developing Commonwealth country citizens"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Scholarships for Master’s and PhD study</span></a> at a UK university</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/split-site-scholarships/" title="Commonwealth Scholarships for Split-Site PhD study – developing Commonwealth country citizens"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Split-site (PhD) Scholarships</span></a> for split-site PhD study at a UK university</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/shared-scholarships/" title="Commonwealth Shared Scholarships"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Shared Scholarships</span></a> for Master’s study at selected UK universities</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/distance-learning/" title="Commonwealth Distance Learning Scholarships"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Distance Learning Scholarships</span></a> to study UK Master’s degree courses in your home country</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/academic-fellowships/" title="Commonwealth Academic Fellowships"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Academic Fellowships</span></a> for early career academics to spend time at a UK university</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/professional-fellowships/" title="Commonwealth Professional Fellowships"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Professional Fellowships</span></a> for mid-career professionals to spend time at a UK host organisation</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 20px; text-indent: -24px;">
<o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 15pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="MS"><a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/medical-fellowships/" title="Commonwealth Medical Fellowships"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Medical Fellowships</span></a> for doctors and dentists to spend time at a UK hospital</span></i></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Pemohon
boleh memilih kategori biasiswa yang mana yang sesuai untuknya. Untuk saya saya
memilih pilihan pertama iaitu 'Scholarship for Master's and PhD study at a UK university'. Proses </span><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 15pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">permohonan
biasiswa komanwel ini adalah seperti berikut:</span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Langkah
1:</u> Pastikan tarikh jangkaan iklan permohonan dikeluarkan (maklumat boleh
diperolehi di <a href="http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/scholarships-developing-cw/">http://cscuk.dfid.gov.uk/apply/scholarships-developing-cw/</a>),
kebiasaannya iklan permohonan akan dibuka pada setiap bulan Ogos setiap tahun
untuk pengajian pada tahun berikutnya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Langkah
2:</u> Mengisi b<span lang="SV">orang permohonan atas talian
(<em>Electronic
Application System</em>) boleh diperolehi di pautan<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://csc.do-it-online.org.uk/csc/ElectronicApplicationSystem.htm">https://csc.do-it-online.org.uk/csc/ElectronicApplicationSystem.htm</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: start;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV"><u>Langkah 3:</u> Lengkapkan borang permohonan tersebut sebelum
menghantar permohonan. Beberapa dokumen dan maklumat tambahan seperti berikut
adalah diperlukan:</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Maklumat Asas Pemohon</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Latar Belakang Pendidikan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Hadiah atau anugerah pendidikan (jika ada, peluang adalah
lebih cerah untuk dipilih)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Senarai percetakan atau sumbangan kertas kerja di dalam
dan luar negara (jika ada, lebih mencerahkan peluang untuk terpilih)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Rekod pekerjaan dari awal sehingga yang terkini</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Keahlian badan profesional (jika ada)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya 5 kursus jangka pendek
yang relevan dengan permohonan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Penglibatan dalam aktiviti sukarela</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Menyenaraikan sekurang-kurangnya 4 referee (1 referee
mestilah 'academician'/'master's supervisor') - Emel akan dihantar kepada
referee yang dinamakan dan mereka perlu mengisi borang pengadilan secara
online.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Maklumat tentang cadangan kajian di UK (perlu menyenarai
3 pilihan supervisor dan universiti; digalakkan untuk membuat hubungan
perbincangan dengan bakal supervisor terlebih dahulu tentang topik kajian)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Pelan Terperinci Penyelidikan (Research Proposal)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Penerangan tentang kebaikan kajian terhadap negara asal
(Malaysia)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Sekurang-kurangnya mendapat 2 penyata sokongan daripada 2
bakal supervisor</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Penerangan tentang pelan kerjaya akan datang (objektif,
jangka pendek dan jangka panjang)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -18.5pt;">Surat tawaran university yang terlibat dengan biasiswa komanwel (Jika ada lebih baik tapi paling kurang bukti permohonan ke universiti telah dibuat pun sudah mencukupi)</span></li>
</ul>
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: inherit;">Kesemua ini perlu dilengkapkan secara online di sistem
EAS seperti pautan diatas. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Setelah permohonan diserah secara online, masanya untuk
menunggu pihak JPA membuat pemilihan senarai pendek. Melalui penyiasatan yang
telah saya lakukan, secara purata setahun, Malaysia menghantar pencalonan
senarai pendek seramai lebih kurang 10 orang setahun dan kebiasaannya diantara 4 - 6 orang akan terpilih untuk dianugerahkan biasiswa ini. Namun pada tahun 2016, seramai 7 orang telah terpilih untuk dianugerahkan biasiswa ini yang mana 3 daripadanya adalah calon PhD. Diantara alumni yang boleh dirujuk melalui laman blog adalah Dr. Muhammad Tazli Azizan di <a href="https://bubblesintheocean.com/category/travelog-phd/">https://bubblesintheocean.com/category/travelog-phd/</a>. Beliau merupakan seorang pensyarah di Universiti Teknologi Petronas. </span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ya, ianya sangat
kompetatif, jadi anda perlu menyenaraikan segala kelebihan yang anda capai baik
darisegi akademik dan sumbangan sukarela. Untuk makluman pihak CSCUK telah
menggariskan kriteria berikut sebagai panduan akhir pemilihan mereka:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;">
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
<o:p></o:p>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl6iVrXnfJcpqKTeJ89CKrpOq_C6Yfo_AF2xvL-ykotA16uP6lVUSQN42B7GJFZRdPJwdhU5LwZ3yJjAQlbbAX9U6hRVpRzUlHVzLNcuWHXNSsR1ooU0FF6c7B4QG0r3F5rOwFN4f8aTI/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl6iVrXnfJcpqKTeJ89CKrpOq_C6Yfo_AF2xvL-ykotA16uP6lVUSQN42B7GJFZRdPJwdhU5LwZ3yJjAQlbbAX9U6hRVpRzUlHVzLNcuWHXNSsR1ooU0FF6c7B4QG0r3F5rOwFN4f8aTI/s640/1.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">Jadi, bersedialah untuk memenuhi kriteria yang telah
ditetapkan. Jika anda sedang belajar diperingkat Master's dan bercadang untuk memohon bagi peringkat PhD; buatlah sebaik mungkin dan cubalah untuk mendapatkan keputusan yang cemerlang. Juga cubalah untuk mengeluarkan kertas kerja diperingkat dalam dan luar negara sebelum membuat permohonan. Semua ini diambil kira dalam proses pemilihan kelak. Tiada sesuatu yang mudah tanpa usaha. Yakin pada diri sendiri. Kata kuncinya disini buat yang terbaik dalam apa jua urusan yang kita usahakan.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">Sedikit sejarah tentang biasiswa komanwel di Malaysia. Sejak biasiswa komanwel ini ditawarkan kepada Malaysia dari tahun
1960 hingga 2015; seramai lebih kurang 500 rakyat malaysia telah menerima
manfaat dibawah program ini iaitu purata 9 orang setahun selama 55 tahun. Jadi,
rebutlah peluang dan mencuba sehabis baik kerana mungkin ada rezeki kita
disini.</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">Bagaimana pula dengan nilai pembiayaan? Secara ringkas
nilai pembiyaan adalah seperti berikut:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">"Each scholarship provides:</span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Approved airfare from your home country to the UK and
return at the end of your award (the CSC will not reimburse the cost of fares
for dependants, nor usually the cost of journeys made before your award is
finally confirmed)<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Approved tuition and examination fees<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Stipend (living allowance) at the rate of £1,034 per
month, or £1,268 per month for those at universities in the London metropolitan
area (rates quoted at 2015-2016 levels)<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Thesis grant towards the cost of preparing a thesis or
dissertation, where applicable<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Warm clothing allowance<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> Study travel grant towards the costs of study-related
travel within the UK or overseas<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> For PhD Scholars, fieldwork grant towards the cost of
fieldwork undertaken overseas (usually the cost of one economy class return
airfare to your fieldwork location)<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> For PhD Scholars, paid mid-term visit (airfare) to your
home country (unless you have claimed (or intend to claim) spouse and/or child
allowances during your scholarship, or have received a return airfare to your
home country for fieldwork)<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> If your scholarship is at least 18 months long, the
following family allowances:<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">-</span><span lang="SV"> Spouse allowance of £222 per month if you and your
spouse are living together at the same address in the UK (unless your spouse is
also in receipt of a scholarship)<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">-</span><span lang="SV"> Child allowance of £222 per month for the first child,
and £109 per month for the second and third child under the age of 16, if you
are accompanied by your spouse and children and they are living with you at the
same address in the UK<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">·</span><span lang="SV"> If you are widowed, divorced, or a single parent
(irrespective of the length of your scholarship), child allowance of £444 per
month for the first child, and £109 per month for the second and third child
under the age of 16, if you are accompanied by your children and they are living
with you at the same address in the UK<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="SV">The CSC’s family allowances are intended to be only a
contribution towards the cost of maintaining your family in the UK. The true
costs are likely to be considerably higher, and you must be able to supplement
these allowances in order to support any family members who come to the UK with
you. </span><span lang="SV">For more information, see the Handbook for Commonwealth
Scholars and Fellows, available at </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://bit.ly/cscuk-handbook-forms">http://bit.ly/cscuk-handbook-forms</a>"</span></span></i></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bagi saya walau apapun nilainya kemudahan ini tidak harus
disalah gunakan. Niat untuk belajar mesti betul dan ikhlas, bukan niat untuk
melancong dan makan angin. Sumbangan selepas pembelajaran juga perlu diutamakan
kerana ilmu yang diperolehi adalah amanah yang diberikan kepada kita.
Seharusnya ianya dikembangkan dan dikongsi bersama. Kerana ilmu adalah saham
akhirat yang sangat lumayan dan sentiasa beranak pinak. Fikirkan kepada
kebaikan manusia agar ilmu kita ini dapat dimanfaatkan bukan disimpan menjadi
hak privasi persendirian waima untuk didagangkan. Peringatan ini adalah untuk
saya dan juga anda yang mungkin suatu hari nanti berpeluang menggunakan
kemudahan ini. Insha Allah niatkan pengembaraan ini adalah untuk memenuhi
tanggungjawab kita terhadap masyarakat sebagai utusan khalifah Allah dimuka
bumi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Firrbudi aka Lensahijau<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="SV"><span style="font-family: inherit;">12 April 2016<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></span></div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-63152518736679909242016-04-11T01:22:00.001-07:002016-04-11T01:54:43.134-07:00 COST OF LIVING COMPARISON BETWEEN WELLINGTON AND GLASGOW<div style="text-align: left;">
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<tbody>
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<td height="60" style="vertical-align: top;" width="912"><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 251660288;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><!--[endif]-->
<div class="shape" style="padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;" v:shape="Text_x0020_Box_x0020_1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><u><span lang="MS" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">COST OF LIVING
COMPARISON BETWEEN WELLINGTON AND GLASGOW<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
</div>
<!--[if !mso]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if !mso & !vml]--> <!--[endif]--><!--[if !vml]--></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="448"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 12.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt -11.65pt;">
<b>Wellington<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Glasgow<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>RESTAURANTS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Meal, Inexpensive Restaurant<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
54.56 RM<br />
(19.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
78.17 RM<br />
(12.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +43.26
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Meal for 2 People, Mid-range
Restaurant, Three-course<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
258.45 RM<br />
(90.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
293.13 RM<br />
(45.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +13.42
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
McMeal at McDonalds (or
Equivalent Combo Meal)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
28.72 RM<br />
(10.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
32.57 RM<br />
(5.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +13.42
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Domestic Beer (0.5 liter
draught)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
22.97 RM<br />
(8.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
19.54 RM<br />
(3.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -14.94
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Imported Beer (0.33 liter
bottle)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
25.85 RM<br />
(9.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
21.17 RM<br />
(3.25 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -18.09
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cappuccino (regular)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12.74 RM<br />
(4.44 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
16.35 RM<br />
(2.51 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050;">+28.31 %</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Coke/Pepsi (0.33 liter bottle)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.98 RM<br />
(2.78 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.60 RM<br />
(1.17 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -4.84
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Water (0.33 liter bottle)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.59 RM<br />
(2.99 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.33 RM<br />
(0.97 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -26.38
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>MARKETS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Milk (regular), (1 liter)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.69 RM<br />
(3.03 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.05 RM<br />
(0.78 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -41.90
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Loaf of Fresh White Bread
(500g)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.05 RM<br />
(2.80 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.41 RM<br />
(0.98 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -20.38
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Rice (white), (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
9.21 RM<br />
(3.21 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
9.01 RM<br />
(1.38 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -2.20
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Eggs (12)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
16.26 RM<br />
(5.66 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
11.91 RM<br />
(1.83 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -26.76
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Local Cheese (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
30.15 RM<br />
(10.50 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
33.18 RM<br />
(5.09 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +10.05
%</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Chicken Breasts (Boneless,
Skinless), (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
52.44 RM<br />
(18.26 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
36.76 RM<br />
(5.64 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -29.90
%</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Beef Round (1kg) (or Equivalent
Back Leg Red Meat)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
60.31 RM<br />
(21.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
64.11 RM<br />
(9.84 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +6.30
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Apples (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12.28 RM<br />
(4.28 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13.80 RM<br />
(2.12 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +12.41
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Banana (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10.41 RM<br />
(3.62 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.44 RM<br />
(0.99 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -38.13
%</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Oranges (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12.02 RM<br />
(4.19 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12.78 RM<br />
(1.96 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050;">+6.30 %</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Tomato (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
23.33 RM<br />
(8.12 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13.15 RM<br />
(2.02 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -43.64
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Potato (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.77 RM<br />
(3.05 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.17 RM<br />
(0.95 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -29.61
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Onion (1kg)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.14 RM<br />
(2.83 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.30 RM<br />
(0.97 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -22.61
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Lettuce (1 head)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.11 RM<br />
(2.48 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.51 RM<br />
(0.69 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -36.63
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Water (1.5 liter bottle)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10.69 RM<br />
(3.72 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.56 RM<br />
(0.85 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -47.96
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>TRANSPORTATION<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
One-way Ticket (Local
Transport)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13.64 RM<br />
(4.75 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13.03 RM<br />
(2.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -4.49
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Monthly Pass (Regular Price)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
351.50 RM<br />
(122.40 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
325.70 RM<br />
(50.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -7.34
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Taxi Start (Normal Tariff)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10.05 RM<br />
(3.50 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
18.24 RM<br />
(2.80 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +81.47
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Taxi 1km (Normal Tariff)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.75 RM<br />
(2.70 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.73 RM<br />
(1.03 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -13.20
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Taxi 1hour Waiting (Normal
Tariff)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
129.23 RM<br />
(45.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
112.37 RM<br />
(17.25 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -13.05
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Gasoline (1 liter)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.77 RM<br />
(2.01 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.41 RM<br />
(1.14 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +28.44
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>UTILITIES (MONTHLY)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Basic (Electricity, Heating,
Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
676.37 RM<br />
(235.53 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1,162.21 RM<br />
(178.42 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +71.83
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 min. of Prepaid Mobile Tariff
Local (No Discounts or Plans)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.35 RM<br />
(0.47 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.78 RM<br />
(0.12 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -42.10
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Internet (10 Mbps, Unlimited
Data, Cable/ADSL)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
249.32 RM<br />
(86.82 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
115.78 RM<br />
(17.77 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -53.56
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Sports And Leisure<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Fitness Club, Monthly Fee for 1
Adult<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
181.60 RM<br />
(63.24 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
177.49 RM<br />
(27.25 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -2.26
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on
Weekend)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
52.65 RM<br />
(18.33 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
38.43 RM<br />
(5.90 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -27.00
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Cinema, International Release,
1 Seat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
45.95 RM<br />
(16.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
58.63 RM<br />
(9.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +27.59
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>CLOTHING AND SHOES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or
Similar)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
331.68 RM<br />
(115.50 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
439.40 RM<br />
(67.45 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> +32.48
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 Summer Dress in a Chain Store
(Zara, H&M, ...)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
223.56 RM<br />
(77.85 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
191.79 RM<br />
(29.44 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red;">-14.21 %</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 Pair of Nike Running Shoes
(Mid-Range)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
420.71 RM<br />
(146.50 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
441.18 RM<br />
(67.73 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #00b050;">+4.87 %</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 Pair of Men Leather Business
Shoes<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
448.31 RM<br />
(156.11 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
407.13 RM<br />
(62.50 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -9.19
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>RENT PER MONTH<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Apartment (1 bedroom) in City
Centre<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3,963.95 RM<br />
(1,380.35 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3,555.57 RM<br />
(545.83 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -10.30
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside
of Centre<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2,796.79 RM<br />
(973.91 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2,638.18 RM<br />
(405.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -5.67
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City
Centre<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7,434.85 RM<br />
(2,589.00 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6,475.52 RM<br />
(994.09 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -12.90
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Apartment (3 bedrooms) Outside
of Centre<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5,868.91 RM<br />
(2,043.70 NZ$)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt 24.0pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4,475.13 RM<br />
(687.00 £)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFF6DE; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> -23.75
%<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Last update:</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>October, 2015</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>October, 2015</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 12.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Contributors:</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>96</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>89</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Data from past:</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>18 months</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>18 months</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i>Currency: MYR</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 55.05pt;" width="110"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="MS">You would need around 2,749.86£ (17,912.65RM) in Glasgow
to maintain the same standard of life that you can have with 6,600.00NZ$
(18,953.27RM) in Wellington (assuming you rent in both cities).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: #F1FDFE; border: solid #A2BFE9 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid #A2BFE9 .75pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 966px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Indices Difference<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 183.65pt;" width="367"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 480.0pt;" width="960">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Consumer Prices
in Glasgow are 2.20%<b> <span style="color: red;">lower</span></b> than
in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 480.0pt;" width="960">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Consumer Prices
Including Rent in Glasgow are 5.49%<b> <span style="color: red;">lower</span></b> than in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 480.0pt;" width="960">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Rent Prices
in Glasgow are 14.55%<b> <span style="color: red;">lower</span></b> than
in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 480.0pt;" width="960">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
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in Glasgow are 20.92%<b> <span style="color: #00b050;">higher</span></b> than
in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border: none; padding: 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt; width: 480.0pt;" width="960">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Groceries Prices
in Glasgow are 17.85%<b> <span style="color: red;">lower</span></b> than
in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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in Glasgow is 22.24%<b> <span style="color: #00b050;">higher</span></b> than
in Wellington<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-15769373167668259102016-04-11T01:01:00.000-07:002016-06-29T01:28:05.397-07:00My PhD Journey (Part 2 - UK Commonwealth Scholarship / Biasiswa Komanwel UK)<div style="text-align: center;">
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Di entry terdahulu, saya ada menjelaskan tentang pengalaman belajar di UK yang menjadi pemangkin semangat untuk saya bergelar pelajar sekali lagi. Pada entry tersebut (Part 1) saya telah menceritakan pelbagai usaha yang telah diambil untuk merealisasikan impian saya dalam mengejar cita-cita PhD di UK. Pelbagai cabaran perlu dilalui dan yang paling sukar adalah proses mendapatkan biasiswa (Scholarship). Sebagai rakyat marhain biasa, sudah tentu saya tidak mampu untuk menanggung kos pembelajaran yang tinggi namun itu tidak mematahkan semangat saya untuk terus merealisasikan apa yang telah diimpikan. Kerana segalanya bukan mustahil asalkan kita berusaha dan merancang strategi dengan baik. Insha Allah ada jalannya.</div>
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Setelah berusaha dengan memohon beberapa saluran biasiswa dalam dan luar negara, akhirnya penantian saya selama beberapa bulan akhirnya menemui sinar. Pada 10 Mac 2016 saya telah menerima satu emel dari pihak sekretariat komanwel menyatakan saya telah terpilih untuk dianugerahkan biasiswa komanwel untuk belajar di UK di peringkat PhD untuk sesi 2016. Berita yang sangat-sangat dinantikan. Universiti yang ditawarkan juga adalah universiti pilihan pertama saya iaitu University of Strathclyde yang terletak di Glasgow, Scotland.</div>
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Sebelum emel ini diterima saya sentiasa berdoa dan bertawakal agar niat ikhlas untuk belajar dimakbulkan. Terlintas juga dihati untuk menanggung kos pembelajaran sendiri dengan pinjaman. Oleh sebab itulah saya telah membuat permohonan belajar di New Zealand kerana berpendapat keadaan ekonomi dan matawang yang tidak terlalu berbeza memungkinkan saya 'survive' disana bersama keluarga. Permohonan ke Victoria Universiti of Wellington, NZ telah dibuat dan akhirnya pada 14 Disember 2015 saya telah ditawarkan tempat di Universiti tersebut. Namun hasrat tersebut terpaksa dilupakan kerana ketiadaan biasiswa yang sesuai dan ketidaksanggupan untuk saya menambah hutang ratusan ribu ringgit. Jadi, penempatan tersebut terpaksa saya tolak kerana saya yakin NZ bukan rezeki untuk saya kali ini.</div>
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Berbalik kepada biasiswa komanwel, permohonan biasiswa ini adalah melalui JPA dan tarikh akhir penghantaran permohonan adalah sebelum 19 November 2015. Setelah permohonan secara online dan hardcopy kepada JPA dibuat, Pada 23 Disember 2015 saya telah menerima satu emel dari JPA yang memaklumkan bahawa saya terpilih untuk disenarai pendek ke pihak UK Commonwealth Council (CSC). Namun, ianya tidak memastikan saya terpilih kerana pemilihan akhir akan dibuat oleh pihak CSC sendiri melalui beberapa kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Dari tarikh itu saya mula membuat penyiasatan ke seluruh laman web serata dunia bagi mendapatkan jawapan proses prosidur pemilihan oleh CSC. Malangnya tiada satu perkongsian pun di alam maya yang menceritakan secara terperinci proses pemilihan tersebut. Yang biasa saya perolehi adalah calon yang disenarai pendek dari seluruh dunia adalah 3 kali ganda dari jumlah biasiswa yang disediakan. Setiap negara komanwel yang lain mempunyai kuota jumlah pencalonan nama senarai pendek. Dan keseluruhan calon senarai pendek ini akan dinilai dan 300 calon terbaik akan dianugerahkan biasiswa tersebut. Dari situ saya merasakan peluang untuk saya terpilih adalah sekitar 33.3333% sahaja. Hanya satu usaha yang mampu saya lakukan iaitu berdoa... berdoa.... berdoa.</div>
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Hampir 3 bulan selepas emel JPA tersebut, emel dari CSC diterima menyatakan saya terpilih untuk ditawarkan biasiswa komanwel dengan syarat iaitu surat tawaran tanpa bersyarat dari Universiti of Strathclyde (Unconditional Offer) perlu diperolehi terlebih dahulu. Disini saya tahu yang saya hampir pasti dapat melanjutkan pelajaran seperti yang diimpikan. Maka, usaha-usaha untuk mendapatkan 'unconditional offer' telah saya mulakan dan akhirnya pada 21 Mac 2016 surat 'conditional offer' telah diterima dengan syarat iaitu agensi pembiayaan pelajaran diperolehi. Segalanya telah hampir pasti dan saya berdoa agar semuanya berjalan lancar. Saya telah bersedia bagi melayani pelbagai cabaran yang perlu dilalui selepas ini. Diharap saya akan terus cekal dan tabah mengharunginya kerana impian telah hampir pasti dihadapan. Peribahasa melayu ada menyatakan 'alang-alang memeluk pekasam, biar sampai ke pangkal lengan'. Insha Allah.</div>
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Entry ini ditulis kerana saya ingin berkongsi pengalaman yang tidak seberapa ini. Kesukaran untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan biasiswa komanwel di Malaysia menjadikan saya sangat teruja untuk menceritakannya disini. Diharap pengalaman ini dapat membantu insan-insan senasib yang memerlukan jawapan dalam mencari hala tuju kembara ilmu mereka. Insha Allah.</div>
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Firrbudi aka Lensahijau</div>
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11 April 2016</div>
Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6393208844499970150.post-83416516370643591262015-12-30T00:35:00.001-08:002016-08-11T17:23:59.612-07:00My PhD Journey (Part 1 - Experience from the past)<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My PhD Journey (Part 1
- Experience from the past)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PhD... The aim that I
have set in mind since 2012. I was always dreaming to further my study overseas
again. I studied in the University of Edinburgh from 2011 to 2012. The study
experience was so great, the Edinburgh city was so beautiful and the Scotland's
sceneries were so gorgeous. Yes of course there were some advantages and
disadvantages of been overseas, but it is very much depending on the person
him/herself. For me, I'm always looking for a new challenging thing and I
enjoyed every moment good and bad while in Edinburgh. The most important was
being 'Musafir' could make us closer to the Almighty Creator - Allah SWT.
With wife and kids around, we paved our own path and lived bravely in a
new environment, new society and new lifestyle. There is only one word can describe
us - 'Survivors'. Therefore, a year experience in Edinburgh had changed us a
lot. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PhD... Again, I take
the challenge and keep saying to myself this is about the time to fulfil the
last hurdle in my educational journey. My journey for 'Ilmu Dunia' will end
when I'm 40. That is my target. Hopefully I could do it with Allah's will.
However, this time around the journey is not easy and straight forward just
like the experience that I went through for my Masters. Now I have to face a
lot of tough hurdles and beyond my ability to control. One of which is the economic
recession that is happening due to the decreasing of oil price in the global
market. This current situation has made the currency value for 'Malaysia
Ringgit' is also dropping and worsening. The Government of Malaysia has taken
action to cut the budget to cope in the current situation including provision
for higher education. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To make my dream come
true, I need a scholarship. Unfortunately, most scholarship providers,
especially MARA and JPA have reduced the amount of scholarship allocated for overseas
study compared to previous years. MARA for example, doesn't open its education
loan for this year. HLP through JPA has also stringent the eligibility for
applicants that want to study overseas. Some people that face this kind of
hurdle will surely back off and stay calm. But that's not happening to me, I
don't know why I'm so eager to study maybe because of these two reasons: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. <b>IELTS</b> -
I took the test. The result was just okay - just met the university requirement,
but the problem is that it is valid for 2 years only. If I don't use it now, I
might have to resit the exam again, with the cost of RM650 - Fuhhh better not
again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. <b>SUPERVISOR</b> -
I've already got a supervisor. In fact, she had engaged two other her
colleagues to supervise me. In simple word, a team has been set up for me in the
UK. She will also look for funding opportunities for me. Actually, I know her
for about 4 years. She was my dissertation supervisor and I was quite confident
if she supervises me. She knows my working style and I know what her
expectation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What I don't have is
actually a scholarship. At this moment I should look for other scholarships and
should not depend on Malaysian government-sponsored scholarship any more. Until
now I had applied for four scholarships, which are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. <b>Yayasan
Daya Diri (YDD)</b> - It has a very simple process, just fill in the form
through on-line, upload all the supporting documents and wait for the call from
the YDD representative. However, for PhD the maximum age is 35 which I'm now 35
so this is my first and last attempt. Finally, after a month, they called me
and we went through an interview session through the phone. Only shortlisted
candidates will be called for the next stage. The scholarship only covers for
about 75% of the total study cost and the balance of 25% will be covered by the
applicant. I guess I'm not the one who have been selected because I don't
receive any news since two months ago. Huhu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. <b>New Zealand
Commonwealth Scholarship (NZCS)</b> - Quite a tough process, besides the
normative form to be filled I had also included 500 words that describe about
specific skills and knowledge that I want to gain from my proposed study, 500
words about my proposed study that will enable me to contribute to the social
development of my country and another 500 words to describe about the outline of my proposed research. It was
not just that, together with the form I attached the supporting documents that
(must be) signed by a Notary Public. Who is a Notary Public? You will only know
when you get through this. The cost for 10 sheets was RM150! (Better get
prepared if you really want to apply this scholarship). Three referees must
give their supporting statements; there were two from my ex-lecturer and
supervisor and the other one was from my employer. A month after that, I called
JPA and asked about my application, unfortunately mine was not selected only
two candidates across the country have been nominated. Fuhh... very tough to
get through.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3. <b>United
Kingdom Commonwealth Scholarship (UKCS)</b> - Quite similar like NZCS but
everything must be done through on-line. This time, they need four referee's
statements which two from academicians and two other from an employer. I have
sent the final documents in early of December and three weeks after that I got
a called from JPA requested for my passport front page and university's offer
letter. Alhamdulillah, I have been nominated for being one of the short-listed
candidates. The result will be announced in April 2016. Pray for me okay.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4. <b>Hadiah
Latihan Persekutuan (HLP)</b> - This scholarship commonly known by all
government servants in Malaysia. The most prestigious scholarship in Malaysia.
The only of its kind in the world. I have been awarded this scholarship once
during my Masters. This year I applied again for a second time but the process
has changed. Before this there was only one-tier interview session. Started
from 2013, there were two-tier interview sessions. First at department level
and second at JPA level. In 2015, about 1400 applicants have applied this
scholarship. They will compete each other to get 550 scholarships allocated and
only 75 places for overseas. Only the best will get it. Alhamdulillah, I went
through all the processes and now waiting for the result in January 2016.
Again, pray for me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is the first part
of my PhD journey that covers only 1% of the whole journey. I hope someday I
will achieve what I want to achieve. This writing also to encourage you to do
your best to get what you want in life. Never give up before you try because only
survivor can survive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">...................................................................................................................................................................<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Allah berfirman
yang ertinya, <i>“Dan barangsiapa bertawakal kepada Allah, nescaya Allah
akan mencukupkan (keperluan)nya. Sesungguhnya Allah melaksanakan urusan (yang
dikehendakiNya). Sesungguhnya Allah telah mengadakan ketentuan bagi tiap-tiap
sesuatu.”</i> (Ath-Thalaq: 3).</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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"And given sustenance from the sources he could never imagine: for Allah
is all sufficient for the person who puts his trust in Him. Surely Allah brings
about what He pleases, and Allah has set a measure for all things."
(Ath-Thalaq:3)</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Written by Firrbudi
aka Lensahijau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">30 December 2015</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Dr. Ar. Firrdhaus Sahabuddinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04531351548647703809noreply@blogger.com6