Angel of The North : Sunderland, UK








Photos by Firrbudi aka Lensahijau @ Sunderland, UK : 11 March 2012

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 2

Image
Vernacular Architecture of Traditional Malay House Vernacular Settlements Vernacular architecture includes dwellings and other buildings which relate to their environment and available resources. They are customarily owner or community built, utilising traditional technologies from one generation to the next (Oliver, 1997 and 2003). Hanafi (1994) suggests that agriculture and fishing activities are the two main areas of work during ancient times of the early Malay settlements. Tjahjono (2003) claims that rural settlements have grown in geographically distinctive locations that vary from hilltops, valleys, riverbanks, lowlands, estuaries and coastal areas, with each area developing different types of economy, social organization and built environment. The opening of new settlements in unexplored areas by the newly migrated families starts the traditional Malay settlements or ‘kampong’ (Figure 1). This migration is an individual...
Read more

RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU : ANTARA SENI, SAINS KUNO & REALITI

Image
RUMAH TRADISIONAL MELAYU : ANTARA SENI, SAINS KUNO & REALITI Oleh: Mohd Firrdhaus Mohd Sahabuddin PENGENALAN Rumah Tradisional Melayu merupakan antara senibina terawal yang didirikan di Gugusan Kepulauan Nusantara ( Malay Archipelago ). Ia telah melalui proses transformasi sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu. Kesenian pertukangannya disampaikan secara turun temurun dari generasi ke generasi. Sehingga kini jejak rumah-rumah tradisional ini masih dapat dilihat dan dikesan di seluruh nusantara samada secara fizikal ataupun yang telah menjadi sebahagian artifak sejarah yang didokumentasikan oleh pelbagai organisasi kerajaan atau swasta dan badan-badan warisan. Kesenian rumah-rumah tradisional ini adalah sangat unik kerana ia mewakili setiap pecahan etnik Alam Melayu yang terdapat di gugusan kepulauan ini. Namun, sifat fizikal yang dibina mengunakan bahan binaan ringan dari sumber setempat seperti kayu-kayan, buluh, rotan, mengkuang, daun nipah dan sebagainya tidak memungkinkan ...
Read more

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 4

Image
Malaysia’s Thermal Comfort, Regulations and Housing Issues Thermal Comfort Conditions in Malaysia Indoor thermal comfort is crucial for buildings in the tropics, where the majority of social housing in Malaysia is naturally ventilated and very few houses are able to use an air-conditioning system (Harahap, et al., 2011). Table 9 shows seven studies of thermal comfort in Malaysia. For the purposes of this study, the latest study conducted by Hassan and Ramli (2010) has been selected as a basis of thermal comfort measurement. Table 10 shows the range of air temperature, which at the best performance level is 25.5  0 C to 28.0  0 C (Hassan & Ramli, 2010). Moreover, the authors suggest that, based on a study by Wolkoff and Kjaergaard (2007), the recommended level of indoor humidity in Malaysia is in the range of 30% to 60%, as shown in Table 11. Meanwhile, Table 12 shows the Beaufort scale of wind speed. The best levels ...
Read more