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The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Final Part

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Conclusions and Recommendations Design Issues As a conclusion, there are some design issues discovered in traditional Malay houses and social housing (Table 42). According to research, materials that are used in Malay houses are more practical and reliable for releasing heat readily, compared to high thermal capacity materials such as bricks and concrete in social housing. These high thermal materials store heat and cause uncomfortably high temperatures at night. The unplanned kampong environment does not block the wind; thus the entire neighbourhood receives a good quality of fresh air. Externally, in modern housing large blocks and long terraces create barriers and air pockets, while internally, the complicated wall arrangements in modern housing block air movement, which leads to an uncomfortable thermal condition. In a traditional Malay house, full-length openings are located at body level, while in modern housing the openings are smaller and only concentrate on the

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 8

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The Establishment of ‘Air House’ Standard in Malaysia From Passivhaus to ‘Air House’ In Europe, Passivhaus (Passive House) standard has been established to achieve the most suitable thermal comfort condition in a building during winter and summer. According to Audenaert, et al. (2008), ‘ passive house is a type of low-energy building; design is oriented to make maximum exploitation of passive technologies, assuring a comfortable indoor climate during summer and winter without needing any conventional heating or cooling system ’. The passive house concept focuses on airtight insulation that can prevent air infiltration and retain heat in the building. Its aim is to achieve 10 times less heat energy than the same standard designed building (Feist, et al., 2005). Table 33 shows the Passivhaus standard that has to be achieved in order to claim Passivhaus certification in the United Kingdom. Table 34 shows the common construction criteria for Passivhaus standard, which involves a

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 7

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Performance Comparison of Theoretical Model (TM) and PHP 2000 Indoor Air Temperature Referring to Table 28, the mean temperatures for both cases in TM are slightly higher than PHP 2000 by 0.3  0 C. Moreover, the maximum temperatures in TM are higher than PHP 2000 with a difference of 3.7  0 C, and the minimum air temperature in TM and PHP 2000 differ by 1.8  0 C. Fondriest Environmental (2012) suggests that when gas molecules move quickly, air temperature will increase and affect other weather parameters such as the rate of evaporation, relative humidity, wind speed and direction. The indoor air temperature is proportional to outside air temperature; therefore, large external openings and louvers that allow air movement into internal spaces contribute to the high temperatures in TM, especially during the day. However, these large openings help to decrease the temperature in TM significantly at night, as suggested by Saini (1970). The best level of temperature is 25.5  0 C t

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 6

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Towards A New Typology of Social Housing Design Design Comparison of Theoretical Model (TM) and PHP 2000 A theoretical model (TM) has been developed as an initiator towards sustainable  social housing in Malaysia. The model design is a reflection of the design issues  found in PHP 2000 that were discussed in part 5. The issues of space sizes,  internal circulation, cross ventilation and numbers of openings in PHP 2000 have  been taken into consideration. PHP 2000 and TM have the same overall area of 650  square feet, which is equivalent to 60.38 square metres (JPN, 2006) (Table 25). The  differences between these two are the size of the spaces. In TM the living/dining area  is smaller than in PHP 2000 to allow foyer space in front of the main entrance. This  space has a similar position to the serambi in a Malay house to promote interaction  between neighbourhoods. The other improvement in TM is a larger yard space than  in PHP 2000, as shown in Figure 49. This is because i

The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 5

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Case Studies Analysis The Selection of the Case Studies Three case studies have been selected, two of which are traditional Malay houses,  and the other a social house from the People’s Housing Project Scheme (PHP 2000).  The Malay houses selected are the house of Datuk Baginda Tan Mas Mohar and the  house of Andak Endah. The houses are located in two different areas; the house of  Datuk Baginda Tan Mas Mohar in the Negeri Sembilan state (southern region) and  the house of Andak Endah in Perak state (northern region). The house of Datuk Baginda Tan Mas Mohar, built in 1850, and the house of Andak  Endah, built in 1920, have been chosen as typology houses and represent two  different forms. The house of Datuk Baginda Tan Mas Mohar has a basic twelve column  structure, while Andak Endah has an expanded twelve-column structure.  Social housing in Malaysia has been standardized, so using the People’s Housing  Project (PHP) as the third case study is quite reasonable. Table